RNA viruses may be positive-sense, negative-sense, or double-stranded: True/false
True
False
The Correct Answer is A
RNA viruses are categorized based on the structure and polarity of their RNA genome. Positive-sense RNA can act directly as messenger RNA and be translated by host ribosomes. Negative-sense RNA must first be transcribed into complementary mRNA by viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Some RNA viruses possess double-stranded RNA genomes, which also require specialized replication mechanisms inside the host cell.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Viral genomes consist of either DNA or RNA, but never both at the same time. This is a fundamental principle in virology and is used to classify viruses into DNA viruses and RNA viruses. The genome may be single-stranded or double-stranded and can exist in linear, circular, or segmented forms, depending on the specific virus. Unlike human and other living cells, which contain both DNA (as genetic material) and RNA (for protein synthesis), viruses rely on only one type of nucleic acid for replication. This distinction is important because the type of genome determines the virus’s replication strategy, mutation rate, and response to antiviral therapies.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
The outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria contains lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a complex molecule with three components: lipid A, a core polysaccharide, and an O-antigen. Lipid A is embedded in the outer membrane and acts as an endotoxin. When released during bacterial lysis or multiplication, lipid A triggers a strong immune response, leading to fever, inflammation, and in severe cases, septic shock. This property makes gram-negative infections potentially life-threatening. The presence of LPS also contributes to the structural integrity of the outer membrane and provides resistance to certain antibiotics.
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