Select the signs and symptoms of asthma. Select All That Apply.

Rationale:

A. Inhalation injury is a serious complication of severe burns, especially those involving the face, neck, or upper torso, or occurring in a fire with smoke or toxic fumes. Thermal or chemical injury to the respiratory tract can cause airway edema, bronchospasm, and impaired gas exchange, which can be life-threatening if not promptly managed.

B. Contractures can develop during the healing process of deep partial-thickness or full-thickness burns. Scar tissue and skin grafts can limit joint mobility, leading to permanent deformities if proper positioning, physical therapy, and splinting are not implemented.

C. Hypovolemic shock is a common early complication of severe burns. Extensive burn injuries cause massive fluid loss through damaged skin and increased capillary permeability, leading to decreased circulating blood volume, hypotension, and organ hypoperfusion. Immediate fluid resuscitation is critical to prevent shock and organ failure.

D. Hearing loss is not a recognized complication of burn injuries. Burns typically do not affect the auditory system unless there is a direct traumatic injury to the ears, which is rare.

E. Increased muscle mass is incorrect. Severe burns are associated with catabolism, muscle wasting, and negative nitrogen balance due to hypermetabolic stress, not increased muscle mass.

F. Infection is a major risk in burn patients because the skin barrier is destroyed, providing a portal for bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Burn wounds are highly susceptible to local infections and sepsis, which is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in severe burn injuries.

A. A dry, hacking cough is a classic sign of left-sided heart failure, where blood backs up into the pulmonary circulation, causing pulmonary congestion and irritation of airway receptors. In isolated RV failure, pulmonary symptoms are usually minimal unless left-sided failure is also present (biventricular failure).

B. Crackles (rales) result from pulmonary edema, which is a hallmark of left-sided heart failure. In RV failure, the lungs are generally not congested, so crackles are not expected unless there is concomitant left ventricular dysfunction.

C. RV failure leads to increased venous pressure in the systemic circulation, causing congestion in the liver (hepatomegaly). This can manifest as right upper quadrant fullness or tenderness, impaired liver function, and in chronic cases, nutmeg liver from long-standing congestion. Other systemic signs include jugular vein distension, peripheral edema (especially in the lower extremities), ascites, and weight gain due to fluid retention.

D. While dizziness can occur in any form of heart failure due to decreased cardiac output, it is nonspecific and is not considered a primary or hallmark sign of right-sided heart failure.