Which manifestation should the nurse expect from a client with cystic fibrosis?
Frequent respiratory infections and salty skin
Bloody sputum and barrel chest
Painless open sores and petechiae
Watery diarrhea and weight gain
The Correct Answer is A
Rationale:
A. Frequent respiratory infections and salty skin is correct. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in the CFTR gene, which affects chloride and sodium transport across epithelial cells. This leads to thick, sticky mucus in the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and reproductive systems. In the lungs, the mucus traps bacteria, resulting in recurrent respiratory infections, chronic cough, and progressive lung damage. The defective chloride transport also causes excessive sodium in sweat, making the skin taste salty. These manifestations are hallmark signs of CF.
B. Bloody sputum and barrel chest is incorrect. While barrel chest can develop in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases like emphysema, and bloody sputum may be present in advanced lung disease, these are not primary or early indicators of cystic fibrosis.
C. Painless open sores and petechiae are incorrect. These findings suggest hematologic or dermatologic disorders such as thrombocytopenia or vasculitis and are unrelated to cystic fibrosis.
D. Watery diarrhea and weight gain is incorrect. Cystic fibrosis commonly causes malabsorption and steatorrhea, leading to fatty, bulky stools and poor weight gain, rather than watery diarrhea and increased weight. Pancreatic enzyme insufficiency contributes to nutrient malabsorption.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Thrombocytosis refers to an elevated platelet count, which can increase the risk of clot formation. It is unrelated to white blood cells and does not indicate infection or inflammation.
B. Neutropenia is a decreased number of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell, which can increase susceptibility to infections. This term represents a deficiency rather than an increase in white blood cells.
C. Anemia refers to a reduced number of red blood cells or decreased hemoglobin, leading to impaired oxygen delivery. It is unrelated to white blood cell counts or immune response.
D. Leukocytosis is defined as an increase in the total number of white blood cells (leukocytes), often in response to infection, inflammation, stress, or certain hematologic disorders. This increase is part of the body’s immune response, helping to fight pathogens and promote healing.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","F"]
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Inhalation injury is a serious complication of severe burns, especially those involving the face, neck, or upper torso, or occurring in a fire with smoke or toxic fumes. Thermal or chemical injury to the respiratory tract can cause airway edema, bronchospasm, and impaired gas exchange, which can be life-threatening if not promptly managed.
B. Contractures can develop during the healing process of deep partial-thickness or full-thickness burns. Scar tissue and skin grafts can limit joint mobility, leading to permanent deformities if proper positioning, physical therapy, and splinting are not implemented.
C. Hypovolemic shock is a common early complication of severe burns. Extensive burn injuries cause massive fluid loss through damaged skin and increased capillary permeability, leading to decreased circulating blood volume, hypotension, and organ hypoperfusion. Immediate fluid resuscitation is critical to prevent shock and organ failure.
D. Hearing loss is not a recognized complication of burn injuries. Burns typically do not affect the auditory system unless there is a direct traumatic injury to the ears, which is rare.
E. Increased muscle mass is incorrect. Severe burns are associated with catabolism, muscle wasting, and negative nitrogen balance due to hypermetabolic stress, not increased muscle mass.
F. Infection is a major risk in burn patients because the skin barrier is destroyed, providing a portal for bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Burn wounds are highly susceptible to local infections and sepsis, which is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in severe burn injuries.
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