The Bundle of His splits into which structures?
Left and right atria
Left and right ventricles
Purkinje fibers
Left and right bundle branches
The Correct Answer is D
A. Left and right atria: The left and right atria receive blood from the pulmonary veins and the venae cavae, respectively. Electrical conduction to the atria originates from the sinoatrial node and spreads through atrial myocardium via internodal pathways. The Bundle of His does not divide into atrial structures, as it functions within the ventricular conduction system.
B. Left and right ventricles: Although the Bundle of His ultimately conducts impulses that stimulate ventricular contraction, it does not anatomically split into the ventricles themselves. Instead, it divides into specialized conduction pathways that distribute impulses within ventricular myocardium.
C. Purkinje fibers: Purkinje fibers are specialized subendocardial conducting fibers located along the inner walls of the ventricles. They arise distally from the bundle branches and rapidly transmit electrical impulses to ventricular myocardial cells to coordinate contraction. The Bundle of His does not split directly into Purkinje fibers but first divides into bundle branches.
D. Left and right bundle branches: The Bundle of His, located in the interventricular septum, divides into the left and right bundle branches. These branches descend along either side of the septum toward the apex of the heart. They conduct electrical impulses from the atrioventricular node to both ventricles, ensuring synchronized ventricular depolarization before distribution to Purkinje fibers.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. P wave:: The P wave represents atrial depolarization, indicating electrical activation of the atria. It precedes atrial contraction and is the first deflection on a standard ECG tracing. Normal duration is ≤0.12 seconds.
C. T wave: The T wave reflects ventricular repolarization, showing the recovery phase of the ventricles after contraction. Its shape and amplitude can indicate electrolyte imbalances, ischemia, or other cardiac abnormalities.
F. QT segment: The QT segment (more accurately called the QT interval), labelled as F, represents the total time for ventricular depolarization and repolarization. It begins at the start of the QRS complex and ends at the conclusion of the T wave on an electrocardiogram (ECG). It reflects the entire period of ventricular electrical activity, including contraction and recovery.
D. PR interval: The PR interval represents the time for electrical conduction from the atria through the AV node to the ventricles. Normal duration is 0.12–0.20 seconds, with prolongation suggesting conduction delay.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Correct answer: False
Afterload and preload are distinct physiological concepts in cardiac function. Preload refers to the degree of stretch of the ventricular myocardial fibers at the end of diastole, influenced by the volume of blood returning to the heart, and is closely associated with end-diastolic volume. Afterload, in contrast, refers to the resistance the ventricles must overcome to eject blood into the aorta and pulmonary artery during systole, determined largely by systemic vascular resistance and arterial pressure. Anatomically, preload relates to ventricular filling, whereas afterload is determined by the pressure in the outflow vessels, making the two concepts functionally and mechanically different.
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