The cholera epidemic in the early 1850s provided the opportunity for an early epidemiologist to collect useful information which has influenced methods used today.
Which individual is given credit for performing this early epidemiologic research?
John Graunt.
John Snow.
William Farr.
Florence Nightingale.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
John Graunt is historically recognized for his pioneering work in demography through the analysis of the London Bills of Mortality starting in the 17th century, approximately 200 years before the cholera epidemic referenced. His contribution was primarily in the quantitative analysis of birth and death statistics to understand population trends, thus laying groundwork for biostatistics, not the acute epidemic investigation described.
Choice B rationale
John Snow is widely credited as the father of modern epidemiology for his meticulous investigation of the 1854 Broad Street cholera outbreak in London. He used geographic mapping of cases and interviews to scientifically deduce the source of the epidemic was contaminated water from the Broad Street pump, directly influencing current epidemiologic field methods.
Choice C rationale
William Farr was a prominent Victorian epidemiologist and compiler of abstracts in England, known for systematic collection and statistical analysis of vital statistics, including mortality from diseases like cholera. Although he contributed significantly to public health statistics, John Snow's work provided the more direct, real-time investigation of the epidemic's cause.
Choice D rationale
Florence Nightingale was a foundational figure in modern nursing and sanitation reform, especially during the Crimean War, and an early user of statistics to advocate for health changes. While her work heavily influenced public health and hygiene, the specific early epidemiologic research on the 1850s cholera epidemic is attributed to John Snow.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Laboratory draws (phlebotomy) are within the scope of practice for community health nurses, particularly for monitoring chronic conditions, evaluating medication effectiveness, and performing home health assessments as part of comprehensive nursing care.
Choice B rationale
Central line care, which includes dressing changes, flushing, and drawing blood, is a specialized, skilled nursing procedure. Community health nurses often provide this service in the home setting to maintain patency and prevent infection in clients requiring long-term intravenous access.
Choice C rationale
Medical diagnosis is the exclusive scope of practice for physicians, physician assistants, and advanced practice registered nurses (NPs, CNSs), not registered nurses or community health nurses. Nurses conduct a nursing diagnosis focused on the client's responses to health conditions, while the medical diagnosis identifies the underlying pathology.
Choice D rationale
Wound care, including complex dressing changes and monitoring for infection, is a core component of skilled nursing care provided by community health nurses, often in the home setting for clients recovering from surgery or managing chronic wounds like diabetic ulcers
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
While improvements in hygiene and nutrition contribute significantly, this choice focuses narrowly on infectious disease reduction, which is only one result of the broader epidemiologic transition. The transition is a fundamental shift in disease patterns and population dynamics, characterized by the replacement of infectious diseases with chronic, degenerative diseases as the primary causes of death.
Choice B rationale
This describes a typical demographic pattern of a pre-transition or traditional society where high birth and death rates yield slow growth, known as the high stationary phase of the demographic transition model. The epidemiologic transition, conversely, marks the shift away from this pattern towards lower mortality.
Choice C rationale
This characterizes the Age of Pestilence and Famine, the initial phase before the epidemiologic transition takes full effect. In this stage, poor sanitation and lack of effective medical interventions lead to widespread death, typically with an average life expectancy between 20 and 40 years.
Choice D rationale
This statement accurately describes the core tenet of the epidemiologic transition theory, which posits a shift from infectious to chronic diseases driven by changes that first lower mortality (e.g., public health, nutrition) and subsequently fertility (e.g., societal change, contraception), leading to an aging population structure.
Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.
Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today
Report Wrong Answer on the Current Question
Do you disagree with the answer? If yes, what is your expected answer? Explain.
Kindly be descriptive with the issue you are facing.