The nurse is assisting with creating a plan of care for a client with pancytopenia as a result of chemotherapy. The nurse should suggest including which in the plan of care?
Encouraging physical activity
Administering erythropoietin
Administering colony-stimulating factors
Monitoring for signs of infection
Encouraging high-fiber foods
Providing a low-sodium diet
Correct Answer : B,C,D
Rationale:
A. While light activity may be beneficial for overall health, pancytopenia involves low levels of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, which increases fatigue, infection risk, and bleeding. Physical activity should be limited and carefully monitored, not broadly encouraged, until blood counts improve.
B. Erythropoietin stimulates the production of red blood cells, helping manage anemia, which is common in pancytopenia. This intervention addresses one component of the condition and can improve energy and oxygenation.
C. Colony-stimulating factors (like filgrastim) promote the production of white blood cells, reducing the risk of infection in clients with leukopenia caused by chemotherapy. This is a standard intervention in pancytopenia care.
D. Pancytopenia includes low white blood cell counts, making clients highly susceptible to infection. Regular assessment of fever, sore throat, cough, or other infection signs is critical and part of the nursing plan.
E. High-fiber foods are generally healthy but can increase the risk of bleeding in clients with thrombocytopenia (low platelets) due to harder stools or straining. Dietary recommendations should focus on soft, easy-to-digest foods rather than fiber for these clients.
F. Low-sodium diets are used primarily for conditions like hypertension, heart failure, or kidney disease, not pancytopenia. Sodium restriction is not a standard part of care for chemotherapy-induced pancytopenia.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Rationale:
A. While smoking is a well-established risk factor for many cancers, including lung, bladder, and oral cancers, research shows it is not a primary risk factor for prostate cancer. Smoking may influence cancer progression or overall health, but it does not significantly increase the likelihood of developing prostate cancer itself.
B. Age is the strongest and most well-established risk factor for prostate cancer. The incidence of prostate cancer rises sharply after age 50, and most diagnoses occur in men over 65. Aging increases the likelihood of DNA mutations in prostate cells, hormonal changes, and other physiological factors that contribute to cancer development. Therefore, the client’s age of 65 places him at high risk.
C. Moderate alcohol consumption has not been shown to significantly increase prostate cancer risk. Excessive alcohol use may contribute to certain cancers, like liver or esophageal cancer, but moderate intake is not considered a primary risk factor for prostate cancer.
D. Being male is necessary to develop prostate cancer because only men have a prostate. However, male sex alone is not considered a modifiable or primary risk factor in the same way that age, family history, or race influences risk. Age remains the key determinant for prostate cancer risk.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Rationale:
A. ERCP is a procedure used to diagnose and treat disorders of the bile ducts, pancreas, and gallbladder. It is not used for screening for rectal or colorectal cancer.
B. Upper GI endoscopy examines the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum, not the colon or rectum. It is used for conditions such as ulcers, gastritis, or esophageal cancer, so it is not appropriate for rectal cancer screening.
C. An upper GI series is a radiographic examination of the upper digestive tract using contrast (barium) to evaluate the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. It does not assess the rectum or colon.
D. A colonoscopy is the primary screening tool for rectal and colorectal cancer. It allows direct visualization of the entire colon and rectum, detection of polyps or tumors, and the ability to perform biopsies or remove polyps during the procedure. Colonoscopy is recommended for average-risk adults starting at age 45–50 and at earlier ages for those with risk factors such as family history or genetic predisposition.
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