A nurse is caring for a client who recently started treatment for Stage I Hodgkin's lymphoma and describes the following to the nurse: "My arms and hands feel so tight and heavy. I can't put my ring on and I'm having trouble doing everyday things around the house because my fingers won't move normally." The nurse should understand that the client is experiencing which of the following complications associated with cancer and cancer treatments?

Peripheral neuropathy

Mucositis

Lymphedema

Fatigue

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Rationale:

A. Peripheral neuropathy typically causes numbness, tingling, burning, or shooting pain in the hands and feet. While it affects sensation and sometimes motor function, it does not usually cause swelling or tightness that prevents rings from fitting.

B. Mucositis refers to painful inflammation and ulceration of the mucous membranes, usually in the mouth or gastrointestinal tract, caused by chemotherapy or radiation. It does not affect the arms, hands, or fingers.

C. The client’s tightness, heaviness, and swelling in the arms and hands, along with difficulty moving fingers and fitting rings, are classic signs of lymphedema. Lymphedema can occur after lymph node removal, radiation, or other treatments for Hodgkin’s lymphoma, due to impaired lymphatic drainage. It is a common complication of cancer treatment, particularly in lymphoma.

D. Fatigue is a general, pervasive sense of tiredness and low energy, which is common during cancer treatment. However, it does not cause localized swelling, tightness, or restricted hand movement, so it does not explain the client’s symptoms.

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Free Nursing Study Resources

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Rationale:

A. A healthy stoma is not typically painful, even postoperatively. Patients may experience mild discomfort from surgery, but the stoma itself has no nerve endings and should not cause significant pain. Persistent pain could indicate complications such as ischemia or infection.

B. A purple stoma indicates poor blood supply or ischemia, which is an emergency. A normal stoma should be beefy red, moist, and slightly protruding, indicating adequate perfusion.

C. The consistency of stool depends on the location of the colostomy. A sigmoid colostomy, being located in the lower part of the colon, generally produces formed stool rather than liquid output. This is in contrast to ascending or transverse colostomies, where output may be more liquid.

D. A sigmoid colostomy is surgically placed in the left lower quadrant of the abdomen, which is consistent with the location of the sigmoid colon. Educating the patient about stoma location helps with self-care, appliance placement, and expectations postoperatively.

A. History of smoking B. 65 years old C. Moderate alcohol use D. Male sex

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Rationale:

A. While smoking is a well-established risk factor for many cancers, including lung, bladder, and oral cancers, research shows it is not a primary risk factor for prostate cancer. Smoking may influence cancer progression or overall health, but it does not significantly increase the likelihood of developing prostate cancer itself.

B. Age is the strongest and most well-established risk factor for prostate cancer. The incidence of prostate cancer rises sharply after age 50, and most diagnoses occur in men over 65. Aging increases the likelihood of DNA mutations in prostate cells, hormonal changes, and other physiological factors that contribute to cancer development. Therefore, the client’s age of 65 places him at high risk.

C. Moderate alcohol consumption has not been shown to significantly increase prostate cancer risk. Excessive alcohol use may contribute to certain cancers, like liver or esophageal cancer, but moderate intake is not considered a primary risk factor for prostate cancer.

D. Being male is necessary to develop prostate cancer because only men have a prostate. However, male sex alone is not considered a modifiable or primary risk factor in the same way that age, family history, or race influences risk. Age remains the key determinant for prostate cancer risk.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is assisting with teaching a client who is preoperative for a sigmoid colostomy. Which of the following statements should the nurse include?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is screening a client for cancer risk factors. The nurse records that the client is a 65-year-old male, clinically obese with a BMI of 31. has a history of past smoking, and drinks moderately. Which of the following is a primary risk factor for prostate cancer?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is assisting with evaluating a newly licensed nurse drain an ileostomy bag for a client. Which of the following actions by the newly licensed nurse Indicates an understanding of the procedure?

What is the purpose of administering filgrastim (Neupogen) to a patient who is post-bowel resection resulting from cancer?

What should a nurse instruct the patient to do to ensure a good fit of the appliance to avoid leakage?

The nurse is assisting with creating a plan of care for a client with pancytopenia as a result of chemotherapy. The nurse should suggest including which in the plan of care?

Which assessment by the nurse would be a sign of neurotoxicity related to chemotherapy?

Which of the following are recognized risk factors for developing breast cancer? (Select All that Apply.)

A nurse is caring for a client who has suspected superficial spreading melanoma. When collecting data about the client's lesion, which of the following is an expected finding?