The nurse is caring for a child diagnosed with a urinary tract infection. The caregiver asks the nurse why it is so important for the child to have so much fluid. What is the most important reason the child needs increased fluids?

To decrease the pain of urination.

To fill the bladder so a specimen can be obtained.

To dilute the urine and flush the bladder.

To prevent the child from developing a fever.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason:
While increased fluid intake may indirectly reduce discomfort by diluting the urine, the primary goal of hydration in a UTI is not pain reduction. Pain relief is managed more effectively with medications such as analgesics or urinary tract analgesics (e.g., phenazopyridine). Thus, this choice is not the most important reason for fluid intake.
Choice B reason:
Filling the bladder to obtain a specimen is a short-term goal that may apply when a urine sample is required for diagnosis. However, this does not justify the ongoing need for increased fluids throughout treatment. Continuous hydration serves a therapeutic function beyond specimen collection.
Choice C reason:
The primary reason for encouraging increased fluids in a child with a urinary tract infection is to dilute the urine and flush bacteria from the bladder and urinary tract. Adequate hydration promotes frequent urination, which helps eliminate infectious organisms and prevents bacterial colonization of the bladder wall. This reduces inflammation, accelerates recovery, and prevents progression of infection to the kidneys (pyelonephritis). Maintaining good urine flow is also key to preventing reinfection and supporting renal health.
Choice D reason:
While hydration is generally beneficial for overall health, it does not directly prevent fever. Fever results from the body’s immune response to infection, and while fluids may support temperature regulation, they do not prevent fever development. Therefore, this is not the most important reason.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: While alcohol use during pregnancy is associated with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, it is not a primary contributor to cleft palate formation. Moderate alcohol use prior to pregnancy does not have a strong causal link to orofacial malformations unless continued into early gestation.

Choice B reason: Marijuana use during pregnancy has been associated with low birth weight and neurodevelopmental concerns, but its role in causing cleft palate is not well established. It is not considered a major teratogenic factor for craniofacial anomalies.

Choice C reason: Maternal age less than 18 years may be associated with increased risk of poor prenatal care and nutritional deficiencies, but it is not a direct teratogenic factor for cleft palate. Age alone is not a recognized cause of this congenital defect.

Choice D reason: Anticonvulsant therapy, particularly with medications such as phenytoin, valproic acid, and carbamazepine, is a well-documented teratogenic risk factor for cleft palate and other craniofacial anomalies. These drugs interfere with fetal development during the first trimester, when the palate is forming, making this the most scientifically supported contributing factor.

Correct Answer is ["1518"]

Explanation

Step-by-Step Calculation:

Step 1 is: Convert pounds to kilograms 46 ÷ 2.2 = 20.91 Result = 20.91 kg (rounded to two decimal places)

Step 2 is: Calculate fluid for the first 10 kg 10 × 100 = 1000 Result = 1000 mL

Step 3 is: Calculate fluid for the next 10 kg 10 × 50 = 500 Result = 500 mL

Step 4 is: Calculate fluid for the remaining 0.91 kg 0.91 × 20 = 18.2 Result = 18.2 mL

Step 5 is: Add all fluid amounts 1000 + 500 = 1500 1500 + 18.2 = 1518.2 Result = 1518.2 mL

Step 6 is: Round to the nearest whole number 1518.2 rounds to 1518

Final Answer: 1518 mL

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The nurse is caring for a child diagnosed with a urinary tract infection. The caregiver asks the nurse why it is so important for the child to have so much fluid. What is the most important reason the child needs increased fluids?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is caring for a newborn with a cleft palate. What finding in the maternal medical record is considered to be contributing factors?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Using the following formula, calculate the daily fluid requirement in milliliters for a child who weighs 46 pounds. 100 mL/kg for the first 10 kg 50 mL/kg for the next 10 kg 20 mL/kg for the remaining kg Please enter the numeric value only. Round to the nearest whole number.

Correct Answer is ["1518"]

Explanation

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