The nurse is caring for a client with blood loss from esophageal varices. Which assessment finding indicates that the client is exhibiting signs of acute kidney injury (AKI) related to the loss of volume?
An inability to initiate voiding
Reports of acute flank pain
Cloudy urine with a foul odor
Urine output that has been 0.5 mL/kg/hr for several hours
The Correct Answer is D
A. An inability to initiate voiding may indicate urinary retention or obstruction, but it is not a primary sign of AKI.
B. Acute flank pain suggests renal colic or obstruction, not volume-related AKI.
C. Cloudy urine with a foul odor indicates infection but not necessarily AKI.
D. Urine output of 0.5 mL/kg/hr or less for several hours indicates decreased kidney perfusion and is an early sign of AKI related to hypovolemia from blood loss.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. While E. coli is the most common causative organism, the reason women are more prone to UTIs is not due to higher E. coli presence but anatomical differences.
B. Frequent showers are not a primary cause of UTIs; poor hygiene or incorrect wiping technique is more relevant.
C. Women have a shorter urethra, which allows bacteria quicker access to the bladder, increasing the risk for UTIs — this is the correct and evidence-based explanation.
D. While sexual activity can increase UTI risk, this explanation is overly generalized and age-related assumptions are inappropriate.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Hyperactive bowel sounds are not specific to peritonitis and are not a key diagnostic sign.
B. Bradycardia is not a typical symptom of peritonitis; the condition usually causes tachycardia due to infection and inflammation.
C. Increased urinary output is unlikely in clients with renal failure who are receiving dialysis.
D. A board-like abdomen is a classic sign of peritonitis due to severe inflammation and muscle guarding, and requires immediate attention.
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