The nurse is caring for a client with blood loss from esophageal varices. Which assessment finding indicates that the client is exhibiting signs of acute kidney injury (AKI) related to the loss of volume?
An inability to initiate voiding
Reports of acute flank pain
Cloudy urine with a foul odor
Urine output that has been 0.5 mL/kg/hr for several hours
The Correct Answer is D
A. An inability to initiate voiding may indicate urinary retention or obstruction, but it is not a primary sign of AKI.
B. Acute flank pain suggests renal colic or obstruction, not volume-related AKI.
C. Cloudy urine with a foul odor indicates infection but not necessarily AKI.
D. Urine output of 0.5 mL/kg/hr or less for several hours indicates decreased kidney perfusion and is an early sign of AKI related to hypovolemia from blood loss.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Ulcerative colitis affects the colon but does not directly increase the risk of peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients.
B. Hemochromatosis is a metabolic disorder and is not linked to increased peritonitis risk.
C. Diabetes impairs immune function and wound healing, increasing susceptibility to infections, including peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis clients.
D. Obesity may complicate dialysis but is not a direct risk factor for peritonitis.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Increased GFR is not expected; GFR is decreased in the oliguric phase due to impaired kidney function.
B. Hypomagnesemia is not typical; magnesium levels tend to increase because of reduced renal excretion.
C. Hyperkalemia is a common finding during the oliguric phase due to reduced potassium excretion.
D. Decreased creatinine level is not expected; creatinine levels rise due to accumulation of waste products.
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