The nurse is caring for a client with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The nurse notes that which of the following are signs of hyperglycemia?
Polyuria
Shakiness
Pallor
Anxiety
The Correct Answer is A
A. Polyuria is a classic sign of hyperglycemia. When blood glucose levels are high, the kidneys attempt to excrete the excess glucose through urine, leading to increased urinary output. This process also contributes to dehydration and other symptoms such as polydipsia. Recognizing polyuria helps the nurse identify worsening glucose control in a client with type 1 diabetes.
B. Shakiness is typically a symptom of hypoglycemia, not hyperglycemia. It occurs when blood glucose levels drop too low, causing the body to release epinephrine, which leads to tremors, sweating, and irritability.
C. Pallor is more closely associated with hypoglycemia, decreased perfusion, or shock. It is not a characteristic sign of hyperglycemia.
D. While anxiety can occur in many conditions, it is most commonly linked with hypoglycemia, when the body mounts an adrenergic response due to rapidly falling glucose levels. Anxiety alone is not considered a primary indicator of hyperglycemia.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Infantile eczema (atopic dermatitis) does not directly increase the risk of pneumonia. While severe eczema may predispose to skin infections, it does not inherently affect the respiratory system or susceptibility to bacterial pneumonia.
B. Children with infantile eczema are at increased risk for developing asthma and other allergic conditions (e.g., allergic rhinitis, food allergies) later in childhood. This is part of the atopic march, a progression of allergic diseases that often begins with eczema in infancy and can lead to respiratory allergic conditions.
C. Eczema does not typically cause increased sensitivity to sunlight. Photosensitivity is more commonly associated with certain medications, autoimmune conditions, or genetic disorders, not atopic dermatitis.
D. Acne is not associated with infantile eczema. Acne usually appears in adolescence due to hormonal changes affecting sebaceous glands and is unrelated to atopic dermatitis.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D","F"]
Explanation
A. The endocrine system, through hormones such as antidiuretic hormone (ADH), aldosterone, and parathyroid hormone, helps maintain fluid balance, electrolyte levels, and calcium homeostasis.
B. Hormones such as thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) from the thyroid gland regulate basal metabolic rate, energy production, and overall metabolism.
C. The endocrine system controls growth through growth hormone (GH) from the anterior pituitary, as well as thyroid hormones, which influence skeletal and tissue development.
D. Reproductive hormones, including estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone, regulate sexual development, puberty, gamete production, and reproductive function.
E. While some hormones like gastrin, secretin, and cholecystokinin are involved in digestion, the primary regulation of digestive processes is part of the gastrointestinal system and nervous system, not the endocrine system as a whole.
F. The endocrine system mediates the stress response through hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline, produced by the adrenal glands, which help the body respond to physical or emotional stress.
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