The nurse is caring for a patient with hyperkalemia.
Which of the following interventions would be appropriate?
Encouraging the patient to consume a high-potassium diet.
Administering intravenous insulin and glucose.
Administering a potassium-sparing diuretic.
Encouraging the patient to limit fluid intake.
The Correct Answer is B
This is because hyperkalemia is a condition where the blood potassium level is too high.
This can cause cardiac arrhythmias, muscle weakness, and paralysis. Therefore, the nurse should administer intravenous insulin and glucose to lower the blood potassium level by shifting it into the cells.
Choice A is wrong because encouraging the patient to consume a high- potassium diet would increase the blood potassium level and worsen the condition.
Choice C is wrong because administering a potassium-sparing diuretic would prevent the excretion of excess potassium and aggravate the hyperkalemia.
Choice D is wrong because encouraging the patient to limit fluid intake is not relevant to the management of hyperkalemia and may cause dehydration.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Angiotensin II is a hormone that stimulates the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone. Aldosterone is a hormone that helps regulate blood pressure by increasing the reabsorption of sodium and water and the excretion of potassium by the kidneys.
Choice A is wrong because renin is not a hormone but an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I1.
Choice B is wrong because angiotensin I is an inactive precursor of angiotensin II that is converted by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in the lungs.
Choice D is wrong because antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is a hormone that regulates water balance by increasing the reabsorption of water by the kidneys, but it does not affect aldosterone secretion.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
This is because acute renal failure is a condition where the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste and excess fluid from the blood. This can lead to fluid overload, electrolyte imbalances, and metabolic acidosis. Therefore, the nurse should monitor the patient’s urine output and fluid balance to assess the severity of the renal impairment and prevent complications.
Choice A is wrong because administering a potassium-sparing diuretic would worsen the patient’s hyperkalemia, which is a common complication of acute renal failure.
Choice B is wrong because encouraging the patient to consume a high-sodium diet would increase the patient’s fluid retention and blood pressure, which can further damage the kidneys.
Choice D is wrong because administering intravenous antibiotics is not a priority intervention for acute renal failure unless there is a specific indication of infection.
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