The nurse is planning the care of a client with Parkinson disease. The nurse should be aware that treatment will focus on what pathophysiologic phenomenon?

Delayed reuptake of serotonin

Premature degradation of acetylcholine

Insufficient synthesis of epinephrine

Decreased availability of dopamine

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Delayed reuptake of serotonin: Serotonin reuptake issues are primarily involved in mood disorders such as depression, not Parkinson disease. Parkinson’s pathology centers around motor control, which involves dopamine rather than serotonin.

B. Premature degradation of acetylcholine: Acetylcholine is actually relatively increased in Parkinson disease due to dopamine deficiency, contributing to motor symptoms. Premature degradation of acetylcholine is not a characteristic feature or treatment target.

C. Insufficient synthesis of epinephrine: Epinephrine plays a limited role in Parkinson disease. The disorder primarily involves the basal ganglia and dopamine-producing neurons rather than epinephrine synthesis.

D. Decreased availability of dopamine:Parkinson disease is caused by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, leading to decreased dopamine availability. Treatment focuses on restoring dopamine function to improve motor symptoms such as rigidity and bradykinesia.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Increase fluid intake: Increasing fluid intake helps restore cerebrospinal fluid volume that may have been lost during the lumbar puncture, which often causes post-lumbar puncture headaches. Hydration supports healing of the puncture site and can reduce the intensity and duration of the headache.

B. Administer pain medication: Pain medication can provide symptomatic relief but does not address the underlying cause of the headache, which is cerebrospinal fluid leakage and decreased pressure. While useful, it is not the primary intervention to facilitate resolution.

C. Darken the client's room and close the door: This action can help reduce sensory stimuli and provide comfort during a headache but does not directly treat the cause of a post-lumbar puncture headache. It is an adjunct comfort measure rather than a primary treatment.

D. Elevate the head of the bed to 30 degrees: Elevating the head may actually worsen a post-lumbar puncture headache by promoting further cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Typically, keeping the client flat or slightly elevated is recommended to reduce symptoms.

A. "Guillain-Barré spares the Schwann cell, which allows for remyelination in the recovery phase of the disease." B. "For some reason, in Guillain-Barré, Schwann cells become activated and take over the remyelination process." C. "I know you understand that nerve cells do not remyelinate, so the physician is the best one to answer your question." D. "In Guillain-Barré, Schwann cells replicate themselves before the disease destroys them, so remyelination is possible."

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Guillain-Barré syndrome typically involves demyelination of peripheral nerves, but it spares the Schwann cells—the cells responsible for producing myelin. This preservation allows remyelination and often full or partial recovery during the resolution phase of the illness.

B. Schwann cells do not become “activated” in Guillain-Barré. Rather, they remain intact, making them capable of supporting remyelination without being newly activated or transformed.

C. This response discourages client education and incorrectly suggests that remyelination is not possible. Nurses should support client understanding and provide accurate information about recovery mechanisms in GBS.

D. Schwann cells do not replicate as a protective response before destruction. Schwann cells are not typically damaged, which is what allows for remyelination not replication.

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The nurse is planning the care of a client with Parkinson disease. The nurse should be aware that treatment will focus on what pathophysiologic phenomenon?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who reports a throbbing headache after a lumbar puncture. Which of the following actions is most likely to facilitate resolution of the headache?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The nurse is teaching a client with Guillain-Barré syndrome about the disease. The client asks how he can ever recover if demyelination of his nerves is occurring. What would be the nurse's best response?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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