The nurse is providing education to a client that has a new prescription for furosemide (Lasix). Furosemide is a diuretic used to decrease high blood pressure and manage the client's heart failure.
The nurse would incorporate which statement during the teaching session?
"Please increase your intake of green leafy vegetables such as spinach and kale during your meals.”.
"Please increase your sodium intake by eating luncheon meat, cheese, and chips at least 3 times a week.”.
"You can increase your intake of sweets because diuretics can cause low blood sugar.”.
"Please make sure you increase your daily intake of water from 2000 mL to 3500 mL.”. — . . .
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
Furosemide is a potent loop diuretic that causes increased excretion of potassium (K+) in the renal tubules, which can lead to hypokalemia (serum K+ less than 3.5 mEq/L). Increasing the intake of potassium-rich foods, such as spinach and kale, is an essential dietary instruction to help mitigate the risk of this potentially dangerous electrolyte imbalance associated with the medication.
Choice B rationale
Furosemide is prescribed, in part, to manage heart failure and hypertension, conditions that require sodium restriction to reduce fluid retention and circulating blood volume. Encouraging increased sodium intake through foods like luncheon meat and chips would directly counteract the therapeutic goals of the diuretic and exacerbate the client's underlying medical conditions.
Choice C rationale
Diuretics, particularly thiazides and loop diuretics like furosemide, are not typically associated with causing hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). In fact, they can sometimes cause or worsen hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) by impairing insulin release and glucose utilization, making increased intake of sweets an inappropriate and potentially harmful recommendation.
Choice D rationale
While maintaining adequate hydration is important, increasing daily water intake to 3500 mL, especially in a client with heart failure and fluid volume overload, is contraindicated and could worsen the fluid overload. Diuretics are given to remove excess fluid, and fluid intake should be monitored and often restricted to prevent exacerbation of symptoms and further cardiac strain.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice C rationale
Hemoglobin is a complex protein found within red blood cells (erythrocytes) that is specifically responsible for oxygen transport. Each hemoglobin molecule contains four heme groups, each with an iron atom capable of binding reversibly with one molecule of oxygen. This allows oxygen picked up in the lungs to be efficiently transported to peripheral tissues where it is released for cellular use.
Choice A rationale
Platelets, also known as thrombocytes, are small, anuclear cells critical for hemostasis, the process of stopping bleeding. Their primary function involves aggregating at the site of vascular injury to form a platelet plug and releasing clotting factors to initiate the coagulation cascade. They have no role in oxygen transport.
Choice B rationale
Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell (leukocyte) and are a key component of the innate immune system. Their primary function is phagocytosis, engulfing and destroying invading pathogens like bacteria. Like other leukocytes, they are involved in immune defense, not oxygen transport.
Choice D rationale
Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell crucial for adaptive immunity. They include T cells (involved in cell-mediated immunity) and B cells (responsible for producing antibodies in humoral immunity). Their function is centered on recognizing and destroying specific foreign antigens, not transporting respiratory gases.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Limiting sodium intake to less than 1,500 mg per day is a cornerstone of heart failure management. Excess sodium causes the body to retain water, increasing the circulating blood volume (preload). This increased volume places excessive fluid and pressure on the heart, exacerbating heart failure symptoms like pulmonary congestion and edema.
Choice B rationale
A low-fat, specifically low-saturated and trans-fat, diet helps manage hyperlipidemia and can lower the risk of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. By keeping the arteries healthy and reducing plaque buildup, it minimizes the workload and strain on the heart muscle, which is already compromised in heart failure.
Choice C rationale
Engaging in regular, moderate physical activity, such as walking, as tolerated and approved by a healthcare provider is essential for improving cardiac function. Exercise enhances peripheral circulation, reduces blood pressure, and improves overall endurance, thereby reducing the heart's work and preventing muscle deconditioning.
Choice D rationale
Monitoring weight daily at the same time and in the same clothing is a crucial self-management technique. A sudden weight gain of 2 pounds or more in a day, or 5 pounds in a week, often signals acute fluid retention due to worsening heart failure, requiring prompt notification of the healthcare provider for early intervention.
Choice E rationale
Increased caffeine intake is generally discouraged for clients with heart failure. Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant that can increase heart rate and myocardial contractility and potentially trigger or exacerbate cardiac dysrhythmias, which are dangerous for a weakened heart. Clients should limit or avoid it.
Choice F rationale
Consuming high-sodium processed foods directly contradicts the primary dietary restriction for heart failure. Processed foods are typically very high in sodium, which promotes fluid retention and increases the strain on the failing heart, leading to volume overload, shortness of breath, and peripheral edema. —.
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