The nurse is sitting with a client who is crying. After a few minutes, the nurse places one hand on the client's shoulder. Which of the following best describes the purpose of the nurse's touch with this client?
To assess the client's skin temperature and circulation status.
To offer comfort and support for the client.
To express sympathy to the client.
To extend an offer of friendship to the client.
The Correct Answer is B
A. Assessing skin temperature and circulation is a physical assessment action, not the purpose of touch in this context.
B. Offering comfort and support is correct because therapeutic touch can provide reassurance and convey presence without words, especially when the client is crying.
C. Expressing sympathy focuses on the nurse’s feelings rather than supporting the client.
D. Extending an offer of friendship is nontherapeutic and blurs professional boundaries.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Superego is one of Freud’s three structural components of personality. It represents the moral conscience, internalized societal values, and the striving for perfection. It judges actions as right or wrong and can create feelings of pride or guilt.
B. Ego is also a key component, functioning as the mediator between the primitive id, the moral superego, and external reality. Operating on the reality principle, the ego helps a person navigate the demands of instincts, morals, and practicality.
C. Id is the instinctual and primitive part of the personality, operating on the pleasure principle. It seeks immediate gratification of drives, such as hunger, sex, and aggression, without consideration of consequences.
D. Superid is not a valid construct in Freud’s psychoanalytic theory. The three recognized components are id, ego, and superego only.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Saying “It’s OK. You’re just confused” dismisses the client’s feelings and does not show empathy.
B. Denying the client’s perception (“Your son did not come”) can increase distress and mistrust.
C. Offering reassurance by calling the son bypasses the client’s expressed confusion and avoids addressing feelings.
D. Reflecting the client’s statement (“You’re confused because…”) acknowledges the emotion and encourages clarification, making it an empathetic response.
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