The nurse is teaching a group of staff nurses about risk factors associated with developing a pulmonary embolism. Which of the following conditions would the nurse include in the teaching? Select all that apply

Thrombophlebitis

Pregnancy

Orthopedic surgery

Diabetes mellitus

Myocardial infarction

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C

A. Thrombophlebitis is inflammation of a vein with clot formation, often in the lower extremities. These clots can dislodge and travel to the lungs, causing a pulmonary embolism (PE).

B. Pregnancy increases the risk of PE due to hypercoagulability, venous stasis from uterine pressure on pelvic veins, and hormonal changes that promote clot formation.

C. Major orthopedic procedures, particularly hip, knee, and pelvic surgeries, are associated with prolonged immobility and endothelial injury, increasing the risk for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and subsequent PE.

D. Diabetes increases risk for cardiovascular disease, but it is not a primary risk factor for pulmonary embolism. While microvascular complications exist, they do not directly cause clot formation leading to PE.

E. Myocardial infarction involves coronary artery occlusion, which can increase thrombotic risk in coronary vessels, but it is not a direct risk factor for pulmonary embolism.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. While monitoring urine output is important in ARDS and shock to assess perfusion, it does not address the immediate life-threatening hypoxemiaand respiratory failure demonstrated by PaO2 51 mmHg and SaO2 76%.

B. Furosemide may be used to manage pulmonary edema in ARDS, but diuresis is not the first prioritywhen the patient is severely hypoxemic and at risk of respiratory arrest. Giving diuretics before securingthe airway could worsen hypoperfusion and oxygenation.

C.Prone positioning can improve oxygenation in ARDS and is an important intervention, but it cannot replace the need for airway managementin a patient with severe hypoxemia and hypercapnia.

D. The ABG results indicate severe hypoxemia (PaO2 51, SaO2 76%) and hypercapnia (PaCO2 58) with alkalemia (pH 7.56 likely from compensatory mechanisms or ventilatory pattern changes). These findings signal impending respiratory failure, making endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation the priorityto maintain oxygenation, ventilation, and prevent further organ dysfunction.

A. Acute kidney injury B. Dysrhythmia C. Iceberg effect D. Hypernatremia E. Bone fractures F. Fluid volume overload

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","E"]

Explanation

A. Acute kidney injury (AKI)is a common complication of electrical burns due to myoglobin release from muscle damage (rhabdomyolysis). Myoglobin can accumulate in the kidneys, causing renal tubular obstruction and acute tubular necrosis.

B. Dysrhythmiascan occur because electrical currents pass through the body and disrupt cardiac conduction, leading to arrhythmias, which may be life-threatening. Continuous cardiac monitoring is essential.

C. The iceberg effectrefers to the fact that electrical burns often cause deeper tissue injury than is visible on the skin, including muscle, nerve, and bone damage beneath the surface. This hidden injury can lead to complications such as compartment syndrome and rhabdomyolysis.

D. Hypernatremiais not a primary risk in electrical burns. Electrolyte imbalances are more commonly hyponatremia or hyperkalemia, especially during fluid shifts and muscle breakdown.

E. Bone fracturesmay occur if the patient experienced violent muscle contractions during the electrical shock. Electrical currents can cause severe tetanic muscle contractions, which can lead to fractures, especially in older adults with decreased bone density.

F. Fluid volume overloadis not typically a risk immediately after electrical burns. The initial concern is hypovolemia from fluid loss due to capillary leak and tissue injury, requiring aggressive fluid resuscitation. Overload may occur later if fluids are over-administered, but it is not an inherent risk of the burn itself.

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The nurse is teaching a group of staff nurses about risk factors associated with developing a pulmonary embolism. Which of the following conditions would the nurse include in the teaching? Select all that apply

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A 65 year old male patient has experienced full-thickness electrical burns on the legs and arms. As the nurse you know this patient is at risk for the following: Select all that apply:

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","E"]

Explanation

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