The nurse is caring for a client who is being admitted to the emergency department with a body temperature of 105.2" F (40.7° C). Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
Apply ice bags to the neck and groin.
Measure the amount of urine being produced.
Reduce the ambient temperature to 60°F (15.5° C).
Obtain a blood sample for arterial blood gasses
The Correct Answer is A
A. Apply ice bags to the neck and groin is correct because a temperature of 105.2°F (40.7°C) indicates severe hyperthermia or possible heat stroke, which is a medical emergency. The priority is rapid cooling to prevent cellular damage, organ failure, and neurologic injury. Applying ice packs to major vascular areas such as the neck, axillae, and groin promotes heat loss through conduction and helps lower core temperature quickly.
B. Measure the amount of urine being produced is incorrect as the first action because although monitoring urine output is important to assess kidney perfusion and possible rhabdomyolysis, it does not address the immediate life-threatening hyperthermia. Cooling is the priority.
C. Reduce the ambient temperature to 60°F (15.5°C) is incorrect because while lowering room temperature may assist with cooling, it is not the most immediate or effective intervention compared to direct cooling measures such as ice packs or cooling blankets.
D. Obtain a blood sample for arterial blood gasses is incorrect as the first action because laboratory testing is important for evaluation, but stabilizing the client’s elevated core temperature takes priority according to emergency care principles (ABCs and immediate threat management).
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Septic shock is a major risk factor for ARDSbecause it triggers a systemic inflammatory response, causing increased capillary permeability, pulmonary edema, and alveolar injury. The resulting hypoxemia and lung inflammation can rapidly progress to ARDS.
B. COPD is a chronic lung diseasecharacterized by airflow limitation, but it does not directly trigger the acute inflammatory lung injuryseen in ARDS. Patients with COPD may have baseline hypoxemia, which can complicate ARDS, but it is not a primary risk factor.
C. Asthma is an obstructive airway diseasewith reversible bronchoconstriction. While severe asthma attacks can cause hypoxemia, asthma itself does not directly cause the alveolar-capillary damage characteristic of ARDS.
D. Heart failure can lead to cardiogenic pulmonary edema, which is not classified as ARDS, since ARDS is a non-cardiogenic form of pulmonary edemacaused by inflammation and increased vascular permeability rather than hydrostatic pressure.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Although it may seem intuitive to cool the bite site, ice is not recommendedin snakebite management. Cooling can damage local tissueand does not slow the systemic spread of venom. Applying ice can actually worsen tissue injury and delay healing.
B. Techniques such as suction or cutting the bite siteare outdated and ineffective. Studies show that attempting to extract venom orally does not remove enough venom to impact outcomesand increases the risk of infection or further tissue damage.
C. Tourniquets are contraindicatedbecause they can restrict blood flow, leading to tissue ischemia, necrosis, and permanent damage. Additionally, sudden release of a tourniquet may cause a surge of venom into the circulation, worsening systemic toxicity.
D. Immobilization helps slow lymphatic spread of venom, reducing systemic absorption. Keeping the limb at or slightly below heart levelprevents unnecessary venom circulation while avoiding excessive swelling that would occur if the limb were elevated above the heart. The patient should remain calm and limit movementto reduce venom distribution. Emergency medical services should be contacted immediately for assessment, antivenom administration if indicated, and monitoring of vital signs and systemic effects.
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