The nurse is teaching the spouse of a client on mechanical ventilation about measures to prevent ventilator associated pneumonia. Which of the following statements by the family would indicate to the nurse that the family would indicate to the nurse that the family needs additional instruction?
"Medication to prevent a gastric ulcer will be administered to my spouse."
"My spouse will be kept with the head of the bed elevated to about 45 degrees."
"Sedation will be administered until the ventilator is removed."
"My spouse will be receiving a low dose anticoagulant as part of the therapy.
The Correct Answer is C
A. Administering stress ulcer prophylaxis (such as a proton pump inhibitor or H2 blocker) is a component of VAP prevention bundles, as gastric acid suppression reduces the risk of aspiration-related pneumonia. This statement is correct and does not indicate misunderstanding.
B. Elevating the head of the bed 30–45° is a key VAP prevention measure, as it decreases risk of aspiration of gastric contents. This statement demonstrates proper understanding.
C. Continuous deep sedation is not recommended for VAP prevention. Over-sedation increases immobility, delays weaning, and increases the risk of VAP. The preferred practice is daily sedation interruption or light sedation, allowing assessment of readiness for weaning and reducing complications. This statement indicates the family needs additional teaching about sedation practices.
D. Low-dose anticoagulation (e.g., heparin) is used for venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis in mechanically ventilated patients and is part of standard critical care bundles. It does not directly prevent VAP but is appropriate care.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Warm, flushed skin is more characteristic of the initial or compensatory phases of shock, particularly in distributive or septic shock. In the refractory phase, skin is more likely cool, mottled, or cyanotic, so this is not an immediate red-flag requiring intervention.
B. Low urine output (oliguria) indicates renal hypoperfusion, which is concerning. However, in the context of the refractory phase, this finding is expected due to multi-organ dysfunction. While monitoring and support are needed, bleeding from IV sites requires more urgent action.
C. Tachypnea reflects compensatory attempts to correct hypoxia and acidosis. Although worsening respiratory status is concerning, it is not as immediately life-threateningas active bleeding in a client with coagulation compromise.
D.In the refractory phase of shock, clients may develop disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), leading to spontaneous bleeding. Bleeding from IV sites is an acute, emergent complicationthat requires immediate intervention to prevent exsanguination, further hypovolemia, and worsening multi-organ failure. This finding is a sign of severe coagulopathyand signals that the patient is in critical condition requiring rapid response.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Administering stress ulcer prophylaxis(such as a proton pump inhibitor or H2 blocker) is a component of VAP prevention bundles, as gastric acid suppression reduces the risk of aspiration-related pneumonia. This statement is correct and does not indicate misunderstanding.
B. Elevating the head of the bed 30–45°is a key VAP prevention measure, as it decreases risk of aspiration of gastric contents. This statement demonstrates proper understanding.
C. Continuous deep sedation is not recommendedfor VAP prevention. Over-sedation increases immobility, delays weaning, and increases the risk of VAP. The preferred practice is daily sedation interruption or light sedation, allowing assessment of readiness for weaning and reducing complications. This statement indicates the family needs additional teaching about sedation practices.
D. Low-dose anticoagulation (e.g., heparin) is used for venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxisin mechanically ventilated patients and is part of standard critical care bundles. It does not directly prevent VAP but is appropriate care.
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