The nurse notices extensive scarring from cutting on the patient's forearms. The nurse knows that this non-suicidal self-injury may be: (Select all that apply)
a means of self-punishment
a sign of suicidal ideation, plan and intent
a form of ineffective coping for emotional distress
a means to communicate pain to others
Correct Answer : A,C,D
A. A means of self-punishment: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) may be used to express self-directed anger, guilt, or shame. Individuals may engage in cutting as a way to punish themselves when experiencing intense negative emotions. This behavior is often linked to low self-worth and emotional dysregulation.
B. A sign of suicidal ideation, plan and intent: NSSI is defined by the absence of suicidal intent, even though it may coexist with suicidal thoughts in some individuals. The primary purpose is emotional regulation rather than ending life. Presence of scars alone does not indicate a suicide plan or intent.
C. A form of ineffective coping for emotional distress: Cutting is commonly used as a maladaptive coping strategy to manage overwhelming emotions such as anxiety, anger, or numbness. The behavior may provide temporary relief but reinforces unhealthy coping patterns. It does not resolve the underlying emotional distress.
D. A means to communicate pain to others: Some individuals use self-injury as a way to externalize internal pain when they struggle to verbalize emotions. Visible injuries may function as a nonverbal signal of distress or a request for help. This reflects difficulty with emotional expression rather than attention-seeking behavior.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Vocal tics only: Tourette’s disorder requires the presence of both motor and vocal tics. Vocal tics alone are insufficient for this diagnosis, though they may occur alongside motor tics.
B. Obsessive handwashing: Repetitive handwashing is a compulsive behavior associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), not a defining feature of Tourette’s disorder. While comorbidity is possible, it does not define the diagnosis.
C. Persistent depressed mood: Depressed mood may occur as a comorbid condition but is not a core diagnostic criterion for Tourette’s disorder. The disorder is characterized by tics rather than mood disturbance.
D. Motor tics and vocal tics: The presence of multiple motor tics (e.g., shoulder jerks) and at least one vocal tic (e.g., word blurting) persisting for over a year meets the diagnostic criteria for Tourette’s disorder. Symptoms often fluctuate in severity and may worsen with stress.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. History of cruelty towards people and animals: Children with conduct disorder often display aggression, cruelty, and violation of social norms. Harmful behaviors toward others, including animals, are a hallmark feature and indicate a pattern of antisocial tendencies.
B. Confabulation when confronted with wrongdoing: Confabulation is more commonly associated with neurocognitive disorders or memory deficits rather than conduct disorder. Lying in conduct disorder is deliberate and manipulative, not due to memory impairment.
C. Repeated complaints of physical symptoms such as headaches and stomach aches: Somatic complaints are more characteristic of anxiety disorders or somatization rather than conduct disorder, which involves behavioral and social rule violations.
D. Excessive distress about separation from home and family: Separation anxiety disorder is characterized by extreme distress when away from caregivers. Conduct disorder involves disregard for rules and social norms rather than heightened attachment-related anxiety.
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