The nurse at the outpatient clinic is assisting with medication treatment for a 10-year old patient with ADHD-combination type. While taking blood pressure, the nurse notices that the patient is exhibiting the new behavior of blinking excessively. She is concerned that this behavior may be the result of:
A decrease in dopamine activity by the stimulant.
An increase in dopamine activity by the stimulant.
The selective norepinephrine re-uptake of the stimulant.
Ocular dryness, a common side effect of stimulant medication.
The Correct Answer is B
A. A decrease in dopamine activity by the stimulant: Stimulant medications for ADHD, such as methylphenidate or amphetamines, increase rather than decrease dopamine activity. Reduced dopamine would be more likely to worsen attention and motivation, not cause tics.
B. An increase in dopamine activity by the stimulant: Excess dopaminergic activity in certain brain pathways can trigger motor tics or repetitive movements in some children taking stimulant medications. The new onset of blinking may represent a mild tic associated with increased dopamine transmission.
C. The selective norepinephrine re-uptake of the stimulant: While stimulants also increase norepinephrine levels, tics are more closely linked to dopaminergic activity in the basal ganglia rather than norepinephrine modulation. Norepinephrine primarily affects attention and alertness.
D. Ocular dryness, a common side effect of stimulant medication: Although stimulants can cause mild dry eyes, excessive blinking is more indicative of a motor tic rather than simple ocular dryness. Dryness alone would not typically lead to repetitive blinking patterns.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","C"]
Explanation
A. Alzheimer’s disease does not develop suddenly: Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurocognitive disorder with an insidious onset and gradual decline over months to years. A sudden change in cognition over one week is inconsistent with its typical disease course. Acute confusion suggests an alternative diagnosis such as delirium.
B. Dementia and cognitive dullness are expected in those of advanced age: Normal aging may involve mild forgetfulness, but dementia is not an expected or normal consequence of aging. Assuming cognitive decline is age-related risks missing reversible or treatable causes.
C. The symptoms presented could be due to an underlying medical condition: Acute mental confusion can result from infections, metabolic imbalances, medication effects, or dehydration. These conditions commonly cause delirium, which can mimic dementia but is potentially reversible.
D. Symptom severity of Alzheimer’s disease usually gets better as the day progresses: Alzheimer’s symptoms often worsen later in the day, a pattern known as sundowning. Improvement as the day progresses is not characteristic of the disease.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Bradycardia, hypotension, hypothermia: Severe caloric restriction in anorexia nervosa slows metabolic and cardiovascular function, leading to low heart rate, low blood pressure, and decreased body temperature. These changes reflect the body’s adaptation to prolonged starvation and energy conservation.
B. Tachycardia, hypotension, hypothermia: Increased heart rate is not typical in the early or chronic phases of anorexia nervosa unless dehydration or other medical complications are present. Bradycardia is more commonly observed.
C. Bradycardia, hypertension, hyperthermia: Hypertension and elevated body temperature are not characteristic of anorexia nervosa. Hypotension and hypothermia are more consistent with prolonged malnutrition and decreased metabolic activity.
D. Tachycardia, hypertension, hyperthermia: Elevated heart rate, high blood pressure, and hyperthermia are more consistent with hypermetabolic states or infection rather than anorexia nervosa. These vital sign changes are atypical for chronic starvation.
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