The nurse reviews the information from the initial assessment and history and physical.
Which 6 findings in the client's history should the nurse recognize as risk factors for a cerebrovascular event?
Gout
Diabetes mellitus type 2
Hypertension
Excessive alcohol consumption
Male
Advanced age
Hypercholesterolemia
Nonsmoker
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Correct Answer : B,C,D,E,F,G
Rationale:
A. Gout: While gout is associated with inflammation and cardiovascular risk, it is not a primary independent risk factor for cerebrovascular events. Its contribution is indirect and less significant compared to other factors.
B. Diabetes mellitus type 2: Diabetes accelerates atherosclerosis and damages blood vessels, increasing the risk of ischemic stroke. Chronic hyperglycemia also contributes to endothelial dysfunction and thrombosis formation.
C. Hypertension: High blood pressure is the single most significant modifiable risk factor for stroke. It increases arterial wall stress, promotes atherosclerosis, and can lead to vessel rupture or ischemia.
D. Excessive alcohol consumption: Regular intake of 2–3 alcoholic drinks daily raises blood pressure and contributes to atrial fibrillation and cardiomyopathy, increasing the likelihood of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes.
E. Male: Males have a higher overall lifetime risk of stroke compared with females, especially in mid to late adulthood. Sex is considered a non-modifiable risk factor.
F. Advanced age: Stroke risk increases significantly with age due to cumulative vascular changes, arterial stiffness, and higher prevalence of comorbidities like hypertension and atrial fibrillation.
G. Hypercholesterolemia: Elevated cholesterol promotes plaque formation in arteries (atherosclerosis), increasing the risk of ischemic stroke. Managing lipid levels is important for stroke prevention.
H. Nonsmoker: Being a nonsmoker reduces stroke risk. Smoking is a known modifiable risk factor; this client does not have that risk.
I. Benign prostatic hyperplasia: BPH affects urinary function but does not directly contribute to cerebrovascular events. It is not considered a stroke risk factor.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["0.6"]
Explanation
Calculation:
- Convert the client’s weight from pounds to kilograms
Weight (kg) = 154 ÷ 2.2 = 70 kg
- Calculate the total dose in units
Total Dose = 200 units/kg × 70 kg
= 14,000 units
- Calculate the volume to administer based on available concentration
Available Concentration: 25,000 units/mL
Volume to administer = Total Dose ÷ Concentration
Volume to administer = 14,000 ÷ 25,000
Volume to administer = 0.56 mL
- Round to the nearest tenth
= 0.6 mL
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Schedule a daily conference with the social worker: While involving the social worker may help address psychosocial needs, it does not directly engage the client or address withdrawal and communication difficulties on a day-to-day basis.
B. Encourage the client's family to visit more often: Family visits can provide support, but some clients with depression may feel overwhelmed or withdraw further. This approach may not immediately improve engagement or communication.
C. Encourage the client to participate in group activities: Group participation can be beneficial, but withdrawing clients may feel pressured or anxious in group settings, making this intervention less effective initially.
D. Engage the client in non-threatening conversations: Gentle, supportive one-on-one communication helps build trust, encourages expression of feelings, and can gradually reduce social withdrawal. This approach directly addresses the client’s current behavior and is a priority nursing intervention.
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