The nurse will monitor for myopathy (muscle pain) when a patient is taking which class of antilipemic drugs?

Fibric acid derivatives

Niacin

Bile acid sequestrants

Statins

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason: Fibric acid derivatives, like fenofibrate, lower triglycerides by activating PPAR-alpha, reducing VLDL production. They are not commonly associated with myopathy, though gastrointestinal upset or liver enzyme elevation may occur. Myopathy is more characteristic of statins, making this an incorrect class for monitoring.

Choice B reason: Niacin lowers lipids by inhibiting VLDL synthesis but is not significantly linked to myopathy. Its primary side effects include flushing and hepatotoxicity due to prostaglandin release and metabolic stress. Muscle pain is a hallmark of statins, not niacin, making this incorrect.

Choice C reason: Bile acid sequestrants, like cholestyramine, bind bile acids, reducing cholesterol absorption. They cause gastrointestinal side effects like constipation but not myopathy. Their mechanism does not affect muscle tissue, unlike statins, which inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, making this class irrelevant for myopathy monitoring.

Choice D reason: Statins, like simvastatin, inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, reducing cholesterol synthesis. They can cause myopathy by disrupting muscle cell membranes or mitochondrial function, leading to muscle pain or rare rhabdomyolysis. Monitoring for myopathy is critical, as it can progress to severe muscle damage, making this the correct class.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Albuterol is a short-acting beta-2 agonist (SABA), with effects lasting 4-6 hours, while salmeterol is a long-acting beta-2 agonist (LABA), lasting up to 12 hours. This statement reverses their durations, making it incorrect, as albuterol is used for acute relief, not maintenance.

Choice B reason: Albuterol, a SABA, acts within minutes and lasts 4-6 hours, ideal for acute asthma relief. Salmeterol, a LABA, has a slower onset (20-30 minutes) and lasts 12 hours, used for maintenance. This pharmacodynamic difference in duration makes this the correct statement.

Choice C reason: Salmeterol’s effects last up to 12 hours, not 3-4 hours, and albuterol’s duration is 4-6 hours, not 12 hours. This statement inaccurately describes their pharmacodynamic profiles, as salmeterol is long-acting and albuterol is short-acting, making it incorrect.

Choice D reason: Albuterol’s rapid onset (within minutes) makes it ideal for acute asthma attacks, while salmeterol’s slow onset (20-30 minutes) makes it unsuitable for acute relief. This statement is incorrect, as albuterol, not salmeterol, is the first-line rescue medication for asthma exacerbations.

A. Fluticasone propionate B. Salmeterol C. Albuterol D. Zafirlukast

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Fluticasone propionate, an inhaled corticosteroid, reduces airway inflammation over days, not suitable for acute asthma or COPD exacerbations. Its slow onset targets chronic control, not immediate bronchodilation, making it ineffective for rapid relief of acute bronchospasm or worsening respiratory symptoms.

Choice B reason: Salmeterol, a long-acting beta-2 agonist, provides sustained bronchodilation (12 hours) for maintenance therapy. Its slow onset (20-30 minutes) makes it unsuitable for acute asthma or COPD exacerbations, where rapid-acting agents like albuterol are needed for immediate airway relaxation.

Choice C reason: Albuterol, a short-acting beta-2 agonist, has a rapid onset (within minutes) by stimulating beta-2 receptors, increasing cyclic AMP, and relaxing airway smooth muscle. This makes it the first-line choice for acute asthma attacks or COPD exacerbations, providing quick relief of bronchospasm and dyspnea.

Choice D reason: Zafirlukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist, prevents inflammation and bronchoconstriction for asthma maintenance. Its oral administration and slow onset (hours) make it ineffective for acute asthma or COPD exacerbations, which require rapid bronchodilation from inhalers like albuterol, not leukotriene modifiers.

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The nurse will monitor for myopathy (muscle pain) when a patient is taking which class of antilipemic drugs?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which statement describes a pharmacodynamic difference between albuterol and salmeterol?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Which drug has a quick onset of action and is recommended for use during an acute asthma attack or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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