The nurse will monitor for myopathy (muscle pain) when a patient is taking which class of antilipemic drugs?

Fibric acid derivatives

Niacin

Bile acid sequestrants

Statins

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason: Fibric acid derivatives, like fenofibrate, lower triglycerides by activating PPAR-alpha, reducing VLDL production. They are not commonly associated with myopathy, though gastrointestinal upset or liver enzyme elevation may occur. Myopathy is more characteristic of statins, making this an incorrect class for monitoring.

Choice B reason: Niacin lowers lipids by inhibiting VLDL synthesis but is not significantly linked to myopathy. Its primary side effects include flushing and hepatotoxicity due to prostaglandin release and metabolic stress. Muscle pain is a hallmark of statins, not niacin, making this incorrect.

Choice C reason: Bile acid sequestrants, like cholestyramine, bind bile acids, reducing cholesterol absorption. They cause gastrointestinal side effects like constipation but not myopathy. Their mechanism does not affect muscle tissue, unlike statins, which inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, making this class irrelevant for myopathy monitoring.

Choice D reason: Statins, like simvastatin, inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, reducing cholesterol synthesis. They can cause myopathy by disrupting muscle cell membranes or mitochondrial function, leading to muscle pain or rare rhabdomyolysis. Monitoring for myopathy is critical, as it can progress to severe muscle damage, making this the correct class.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Increased appetite is not a common side effect of inhaled corticosteroids due to their minimal systemic absorption. Systemic corticosteroids, like prednisone, stimulate appetite by altering metabolism and increasing hunger signals, but inhaled forms like fluticasone primarily act locally in the lungs, limiting such systemic effects.

Choice B reason: Oral thrush (candidiasis) is a frequent side effect of inhaled corticosteroids. Residual drug in the oral cavity disrupts local microbial flora, promoting Candida albicans overgrowth. Rinsing the mouth after use reduces this risk by removing excess corticosteroid, preventing fungal infections while maintaining anti-inflammatory effects in the airways.

Choice C reason: Hypertension is not typically caused by inhaled corticosteroids, as their systemic absorption is low. Systemic corticosteroids can cause fluid retention and increased blood pressure via mineralocorticoid effects, but inhaled forms like budesonide have minimal impact on cardiovascular parameters, making this an unlikely side effect.

Choice D reason: Constipation is not associated with inhaled corticosteroids. Their action is localized to the respiratory tract, with negligible gastrointestinal effects due to low systemic bioavailability. Systemic corticosteroids may cause metabolic changes, but constipation is not a reported side effect, and inhaled forms do not affect bowel motility.

A. Decreased risk of cardiac dysrhythmias B. Minimal gastrointestinal upset C. Less sedative effect D. Increase in bronchodilation

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Loratadine has no significant advantage in reducing cardiac dysrhythmias compared to diphenhydramine. Both are H1 receptor antagonists, with minimal cardiac effects at therapeutic doses. Older antihistamines like terfenadine had dysrhythmia risks, but loratadine and diphenhydramine are not primarily associated with this issue.

Choice B reason: Loratadine causes minimal gastrointestinal upset, but this is not its primary advantage over diphenhydramine. Both antihistamines have low gastrointestinal side effects, with diphenhydramine’s anticholinergic effects causing more dry mouth. Loratadine’s key benefit is reduced CNS penetration, minimizing sedation.

Choice C reason: Loratadine, a second-generation antihistamine, has less sedative effect than diphenhydramine, a first-generation antihistamine. Its reduced ability to cross the blood-brain barrier minimizes H1 receptor blockade in the CNS, decreasing drowsiness, making it ideal for daytime use in allergic conditions.

Choice D reason: Neither loratadine nor diphenhydramine significantly increases bronchodilation. Antihistamines block histamine-mediated allergic responses, not beta-2 receptors responsible for bronchodilation. Bronchodilation is achieved with beta-agonists like albuterol, making this an incorrect advantage for loratadine over traditional antihistamines.

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The nurse will monitor for myopathy (muscle pain) when a patient is taking which class of antilipemic drugs?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which of the following is a common side effect of inhaled corticosteroids used in asthma management?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

What advantage does loratadine have compared with traditional antihistamines such as diphenhydramine?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Which of the following antibiotics is associated with a risk of tendon rupture?

A patient is concerned about the body changes that have resulted from long-term prednisone therapy for the treatment of asthma. Which expected effect of this drug therapy would cause a change in the patient’s appearance?

While a patient is receiving a statin, the nurse knows to monitor the patient closely for the development of which problem?

A patient tells the nurse that he likes to eat large amounts of garlic to help lower his cholesterol levels naturally. The nurse reviews his medication history and notes which drug has a potential interaction with the garlic?

Which range is the targeted therapeutic adult dosage range of theophylline?

When reviewing the allergy history of a patient, the nurse notes that the patient is allergic to penicillin. Based on this finding, the nurse would question an order for which class of antibiotics?

A patient is receiving hydroxychloroquine therapy but tells the nurse that she has never traveled out of her city. The nurse knows that a possible reason for this drug therapy is which of these conditions?

A patient with elevated lipid levels has a new prescription for niacin. The nurse informs the patient that which adverse effects may occur with this medication?