The nurse is discussing adverse effects of antitubercular drugs with a patient who has active tuberculosis. Which potential adverse effect of antitubercular drug therapy should the patient report to the prescriber?

Headache and nervousness

Numbness and tingling of extremities

Reddish-orange urine and stool

Gastrointestinal upset

If your partner develops these lesions, then your partner can also use the medication.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: Headache and nervousness are not significant adverse effects of antitubercular drugs like isoniazid or rifampin. These symptoms are nonspecific and less concerning than neurotoxicity. Antitubercular drugs primarily affect the liver, nerves, or blood, making neurological symptoms like numbness more critical to report.

Choice B reason: Numbness and tingling of extremities indicate peripheral neuropathy, a serious adverse effect of isoniazid, which depletes pyridoxine (vitamin B6), impairing nerve function. This requires immediate reporting to adjust therapy or add pyridoxine supplementation, preventing irreversible nerve damage while continuing effective tuberculosis treatment.

Choice C reason: Reddish-orange urine and stool are expected effects of rifampin, which is metabolized to a red-orange compound excreted in bodily fluids. This is harmless and does not require reporting unless accompanied by other symptoms like jaundice, which could indicate hepatotoxicity, a more serious concern.

Choice D reason: Gastrointestinal upset is common with antitubercular drugs like rifampin or pyrazinamide but is not typically severe enough to warrant immediate reporting unless persistent or accompanied by signs of hepatotoxicity. Numbness is a more concerning neurological effect, requiring prompt prescriber notification to prevent complications.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Drowsiness is not a systemic effect of inhaled albuterol, a beta-2 agonist. Albuterol stimulates beta-adrenergic receptors, increasing cyclic AMP, which can cause CNS stimulation, not sedation. Drowsiness is more associated with antihistamines or other CNS-depressant drugs, not bronchodilators like albuterol.

Choice B reason: Bradycardia is unlikely with albuterol, which activates beta-2 receptors and, to a lesser extent, beta-1 receptors in the heart, potentially causing tachycardia. Systemic absorption of inhaled albuterol can increase heart rate, not decrease it, as it stimulates sympathetic activity, making this incorrect.

Choice C reason: Heartburn is not a recognized systemic effect of inhaled albuterol. While gastrointestinal irritation may occur with oral beta-agonists, inhaled albuterol has minimal systemic absorption, targeting airway smooth muscle. Its side effects are primarily cardiovascular or neurological, not gastrointestinal, making this an incorrect choice.

Choice D reason: Palpitations are a possible systemic effect of inhaled albuterol due to its beta-adrenergic stimulation. Even with low systemic absorption, albuterol can stimulate cardiac beta-1 receptors, increasing heart rate and causing palpitations. This is a known side effect, particularly in sensitive patients or with overuse.

A. Albuterol is considered “long-acting” and salmeterol is considered “short-acting.” B. Albuterol is considered “short-acting” and salmeterol is considered “long-acting.” C. Salmeterol’s effects last for 3 to 4 hours, and albuterol has an extended duration of action up to 12 hours. D. Because of the onset of action, albuterol should not be used during an acute attack of asthma, but instead, salmeterol should be used.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Albuterol is a short-acting beta-2 agonist (SABA), with effects lasting 4-6 hours, while salmeterol is a long-acting beta-2 agonist (LABA), lasting up to 12 hours. This statement reverses their durations, making it incorrect, as albuterol is used for acute relief, not maintenance.

Choice B reason: Albuterol, a SABA, acts within minutes and lasts 4-6 hours, ideal for acute asthma relief. Salmeterol, a LABA, has a slower onset (20-30 minutes) and lasts 12 hours, used for maintenance. This pharmacodynamic difference in duration makes this the correct statement.

Choice C reason: Salmeterol’s effects last up to 12 hours, not 3-4 hours, and albuterol’s duration is 4-6 hours, not 12 hours. This statement inaccurately describes their pharmacodynamic profiles, as salmeterol is long-acting and albuterol is short-acting, making it incorrect.

Choice D reason: Albuterol’s rapid onset (within minutes) makes it ideal for acute asthma attacks, while salmeterol’s slow onset (20-30 minutes) makes it unsuitable for acute relief. This statement is incorrect, as albuterol, not salmeterol, is the first-line rescue medication for asthma exacerbations.

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The nurse is discussing adverse effects of antitubercular drugs with a patient who has active tuberculosis. Which potential adverse effect of antitubercular drug therapy should the patient report to the prescriber?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse will instruct patients about a possible systemic effect that may occur with the use of inhaled albuterol. Which systemic effect may occur?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Which statement describes a pharmacodynamic difference between albuterol and salmeterol?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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