The parents of a 3-month-old ask why their baby will not have an operation to correct a ventricular septal defect (VSD). The nurse's best response is:
"Your baby's defect is small and will likely close on its own by 1 year of age"
"With a small defect like this, they wait until the child is 10 years old to do the surgery"
"It is common for health-care providers to wait until an infant develops respiratory distress before they do surgery"
"It is always helpful to get a second opinion about any serious condition like this"
The Correct Answer is A
A. "Your baby's defect is small and will likely close on its own by 1 year of age": Small VSDs often close spontaneously within the first year, and surgery is usually not needed unless the defect is large or causing symptoms.
B. "With a small defect like this, they wait until the child is 10 years old to do the surgery": Surgery for a small VSD is generally not needed unless complications arise. Most close naturally in infancy.
C. "It is common for health-care providers to wait until an infant develops respiratory distress before they do surgery": While respiratory distress is a symptom that might prompt surgical consideration for a VSD, healthcare providers do not wait for a child to develop severe symptoms before intervening. Surgery is considered based on symptoms and defect size.
D. "It is always helpful to get a second opinion about any serious condition like this": A second opinion is not necessary for most small VSDs, which often close on their own. The focus should be on providing accurate information and reassurance.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Hypothermia in the late afternoon: Hypothermia is not typically associated with hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus primarily affects the neurological system, leading to increased intracranial pressure rather than issues with body temperature regulation.
B. Excessive thirst: Excessive thirst is not a common sign of hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus is more associated with neurological symptoms and signs related to increased intracranial pressure, such as changes in behavior, bulging fontanels, and irritability.
C. White sclera showing above the pupils: This finding, known as "sunsetting" eyes, is a classic sign of hydrocephalus. It occurs due to increased pressure in the brain, causing the eyes to deviate downward, with the sclera (white part of the eye) visible above the pupils.
D. A soft, fretful cry: While infants with hydrocephalus may exhibit irritability or a high-pitched cry, a "soft, fretful cry" is not a characteristic or specific finding. The cry may be more piercing or abnormal if the baby is experiencing increased intracranial pressure.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","F"]
Explanation
A. Breast tenderness: Breast tenderness is a common early sign of pregnancy due to hormonal changes, particularly increased estrogen and progesterone. It is a presumptive sign because it is not unique to pregnancy and can occur with other conditions as well.
B. Amenorrhea: Amenorrhea, or the absence of menstruation, is one of the most common early signs of pregnancy. It is considered presumptive because it can also be caused by other factors such as stress, illness, or hormonal imbalances.
C. Frequent urination: Frequent urination occurs due to hormonal changes and increased blood volume, which leads to more fluid being processed by the kidneys. It is considered a presumptive sign of pregnancy, though it can also occur with other conditions like urinary tract infections.
D. Positive pregnancy test: A positive pregnancy test detects the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which is a probable sign of pregnancy. It is more definitive than a presumptive sign, but it can sometimes result in false positives due to certain medications or other conditions.
E. Chadwick sign: Chadwick's sign, characterized by the bluish tint of the cervix, vagina, and vulva due to increased blood flow, is a probable sign of pregnancy. It is typically observed by a healthcare provider during a physical examination and suggests pregnancy but is not definitive.
F. Quickening: Quickening is the feeling of fetal movement, which typically occurs between 18 and 20 weeks of pregnancy for first-time mothers. It is a presumptive sign because other conditions, such as gas or muscle spasms, can cause similar sensations.
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