The pathophysiology of male infertility associated with mumps includes:
Increased incidence of testicular cancer
Decreased sperm count
Orchitis in boys who have reached puberty; this may lead to testicular atrophy
Varicocele, which can affect the quality of sperm
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: While mumps can cause inflammation and damage to the testes, there is no strong evidence linking mumps infection directly to an increased incidence of testicular cancer. This choice is misleading and not supported by current pathophysiological understanding.
Choice B reason: Decreased sperm count may occur as a consequence of mumps-related orchitis, but it is not the primary pathophysiological mechanism. The underlying cause is testicular inflammation and atrophy, which subsequently affects spermatogenesis.
Choice C reason: Mumps can lead to orchitis, particularly in post-pubertal males. Orchitis causes inflammation of the testicles, which can result in testicular atrophy and impaired sperm production. This is the most direct and well-established mechanism by which mumps affects male fertility.
Choice D reason: Varicocele is a separate condition involving dilated veins in the scrotum and is not caused by mumps. While varicocele can impair sperm quality, it is unrelated to the viral pathophysiology of mumps.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Leuprolide is a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist that initially stimulates and then suppresses the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), leading to decreased estrogen production from the ovaries. It is commonly used in transgender men to suppress endogenous female hormone production prior to or alongside testosterone therapy. This suppression helps reduce menstruation and estrogen-driven secondary sex characteristics, facilitating masculinization.
Choice B reason: Spironolactone is primarily used in male-to-female (MTF) transitions to block androgen receptors and reduce testosterone effects. It is not used to suppress estrogen in female-to-male (FTM) transitions and would not be appropriate for this client.
Choice C reason: Estrogen is a feminizing hormone and would counteract the goals of masculinization in a female-to-male transition. Administering estrogen would increase female secondary sex characteristics, which is the opposite of the desired effect.
Choice D reason: Testosterone is the primary hormone used to induce masculinization in female-to-male transitions. However, it does not suppress endogenous estrogen production directly. While it promotes male secondary sex characteristics, it is often combined with agents like GnRH agonists (e.g., Leuprolide) to effectively suppress female hormone activity.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Huntington’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a trinucleotide repeat expansion in the HTT gene. It is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern and typically presents in mid-adulthood. It is not commonly screened for in prenatal visits unless there is a known family history.
Choice B reason: Cystic fibrosis is a common autosomal recessive disorder affecting the lungs and pancreas. While it is included in many prenatal screening panels, it does not primarily cause progressive destruction of neurons in the brain and spinal cord. It is more associated with respiratory and gastrointestinal complications.
Choice C reason: Muscular dystrophy refers to a group of genetic disorders characterized by progressive muscle weakness. While some forms, like Duchenne muscular dystrophy, are screened for in certain populations, they do not primarily affect neurons in the brain and spinal cord.
Choice D reason: Tay-Sachs disease is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by a deficiency of the enzyme hexosaminidase A. It leads to progressive neurodegeneration and is especially prevalent among individuals of Ashkenazi Jewish and Cajun descent. Prenatal screening is recommended for couples from these backgrounds due to the increased carrier frequency.
Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.
Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today
Report Wrong Answer on the Current Question
Do you disagree with the answer? If yes, what is your expected answer? Explain.
Kindly be descriptive with the issue you are facing.