The patient is receiving enoxaparin (Lovenox) subcutaneously every 12 hours following knee replacement surgery. The patient is monitored for.

Clotting at the incision site.

Increased pain.

Gingival hyperplasia.

Signs and symptoms of bruising and bleeding.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Clotting at the incision site. Enoxaparin (Lovenox) is an anticoagulant medication used to prevent blood clots, particularly deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), which are common complications following orthopedic surgeries like knee replacement. Monitoring for clotting at the incision site is essential to ensure that the medication is effectively preventing excessive clot formation while also ensuring that the patient does not experience excessive bleeding.

B. Increased pain. While increased pain could be a concern postoperatively, particularly after a surgical procedure like knee replacement, it is not a specific monitoring parameter for enoxaparin administration. Pain management is typically addressed separately, and increased pain may indicate issues such as inadequate analgesia, surgical complications, or other factors unrelated to enoxaparin therapy.

C. Gingival hyperplasia. Gingival hyperplasia refers to an overgrowth of gum tissue and is not directly associated with enoxaparin therapy. This side effect is more commonly associated with certain medications such as phenytoin and cyclosporine rather than anticoagulants like enoxaparin. Monitoring for gingival hyperplasia would not be relevant in this context.

D. Signs and symptoms of bruising and bleeding. This is the correct answer. Enoxaparin is an anticoagulant medication, which increases the risk of bleeding. Therefore, monitoring for signs and symptoms of bruising and bleeding is crucial to detect any potential complications such as hemorrhage or hematoma formation. This includes assessing for unusual bruising, bleeding from the gums, nosebleeds, hematuria, melena, or any other signs of internal or external bleeding. Prompt recognition and management of bleeding complications are essential to ensure patient safety during enoxaparin therapy, especially following orthopedic surgery.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Vitamin K: Vitamin K is the antidote for warfarin, not heparin. Warfarin works by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors in the liver. Therefore, vitamin K is used to reverse the effects of warfarin in cases of over-anticoagulation. It does not reverse the effects of heparin.

B. Deferoxamine: Deferoxamine is a chelating agent used to treat iron toxicity and aluminum overload. It is not indicated for reversing the effects of heparin.

C. Acetylcysteine: Acetylcysteine is used as an antidote for acetaminophen (paracetamol) overdose. It is not indicated for reversing the effects of heparin.

D. Protamine sulfate: This is the correct answer. Protamine sulfate is the antidote for heparin. It works by binding to heparin to form a stable complex, thereby neutralizing its anticoagulant effects. Protamine sulfate is commonly used in clinical practice to reverse the effects of heparin in situations such as hemorrhage or when rapid reversal of anticoagulation is needed, such as before surgery.

A. Hypothermia B. Hypotension C. Black stools D. Constipation

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Hypothermia: Clopidogrel is not typically associated with temperature regulation and wouldn't cause hypothermia.

B. Hypotension: While some medications can cause low blood pressure (hypotension), clopidogrel is not a common culprit.

C. Black stools: This can be a sign of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, which is a potential side effect of clopidogrel. Clopidogrel inhibits platelet aggregation, which can increase bleeding risk.

D. Constipation: Constipation is not a common side effect of clopidogrel.

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The patient is receiving enoxaparin (Lovenox) subcutaneously every 12 hours following knee replacement surgery. The patient is monitored for.

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who has thrombophlebitis and is receiving a continuous heparin infusion. Which of the following medications should the nurse have available to reverse heparin's effects?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is collecting data from a client who is receiving clopidogrel following the placement of a cardiac stent. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an adverse effect of this medication?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

is the stopping of blood flow, an essential mechanism protecting the body from both external and internal injury.

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