The patient who was admitted after vomiting for 3 days would show an abnormally low blood pressure because of a fluid shift from:

intracellular to the extracellular.

interstitial to intravascular.

interstitial to the intracellular.

intravascular to the interstitial.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason: Intracellular to the extracellular fluid shift is not the cause of low blood pressure in this case. This fluid shift occurs when the cells lose water due to osmosis, such as in dehydration or hypernatremia.

Choice B reason: Interstitial to intravascular fluid shift is not the cause of low blood pressure in this case. This fluid shift occurs when the fluid moves from the tissue spaces to the blood vessels, such as in hypovolemia or hypotonic fluid administration.

Choice C reason: Interstitial to the intracellular fluid shift is not the cause of low blood pressure in this case. This fluid shift occurs when the fluid moves from the tissue spaces to the cells, such as in overhydration or hyponatremia.

Choice D reason: Intravascular to the interstitial fluid shift is the cause of low blood pressure in this case. This fluid shift occurs when the fluid moves from the blood vessels to the tissue spaces, such as in edema, inflammation, or increased capillary permeability. This reduces the blood volume and lowers the blood pressure.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: This is correct because metabolic alkalosis is characterized by a high pH and a high HCO3-. The client's pH and HCO3- are both high, indicating a metabolic disorder. The condition is uncompensated because the PaCO2 is normal, meaning the respiratory system is not compensating for the metabolic alkalosis.

Choice B reason: This is incorrect because metabolic acidosis is characterized by a low pH and a low HCO3-. The client's pH and HCO3- are both high, indicating alkalosis, not acidosis.

Choice C reason: This is incorrect because respiratory alkalosis is characterized by a high pH and a low PaCO2. The client's pH is high, but PaCO2 is normal, indicating a metabolic problem, not a respiratory one.

Choice D reason: This is incorrect because respiratory acidosis is characterized by a low pH and a high PaCO2. The client's pH is high, and PaCO2 is normal, indicating a metabolic problem, not a respiratory one.

A. Producing phosphate buffers B. Adjusting PaCO2 levels C. Producing protein buffers D. Excreting or reabsorbing hydrogen or bicarbonate

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Producing phosphate buffers is not the main function of the kidneys in response to acid-base disturbances. Phosphate buffers are mainly found in the intracellular fluid and the urine, where they help to maintain the pH by binding or releasing hydrogen ions.

Choice B reason: Adjusting PaCO2 levels is not the function of the kidneys, but rather the function of the lungs in response to acid-base disturbances. The lungs regulate the PaCO2 levels by increasing or decreasing the rate and depth of respiration, which affects the amount of carbon dioxide exhaled.

Choice C reason: Producing protein buffers is not the function of the kidneys, but rather the function of the cells and the plasma in response to acid-base disturbances. Protein buffers are the most abundant and versatile buffers in the body, as they can act as acids or bases by donating or accepting hydrogen ions.

Choice D reason: Excreting or reabsorbing hydrogen or bicarbonate is the main function of the kidneys in response to acid-base disturbances. The kidneys regulate the HCO3- levels by either reabsorbing it from the filtrate or generating it from carbon dioxide and water. The kidneys also regulate the hydrogen ion levels by either excreting it into the urine or exchanging it for sodium ions.

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The patient who was admitted after vomiting for 3 days would show an abnormally low blood pressure because of a fluid shift from:

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is reviewing the arterial blood gas (ABG) results of a client. The client's ABGs are: pH 7.6 PaCO2 40 mm Hg HCO3 32 mEq/L Which of the following acid-base conditions should the nurse identify the client is experiencing?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The kidneys respond to acid-base disturbances by:

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely to cause abdominal pain, urinary retention, and confusion?

The registered nurse reviews the result of the arterial blood gas values with the licensed practical nurse and tells the LPN that the client has respiratory acidosis. The LPN would expect to note which of the following on the laboratory result report?

Which patient is at the highest risk for dehydration?

The nurse is reviewing the health records of assigned clients. The nurse would plan care knowing that which client is at risk for fluid volume deficit?

What is the normal range of serum chloride level in adults?

The nurse points out that electrolytes are essential for health. Nonelectrolytes include:

PaCO2 level indicates the effectiveness of:

The nurse is caring for a client with a nasogastric tube that is attached to low suction. The nurse monitors the client closely for which acid-base disorder that is most likely to occur in this situation?