The phase of the bacterial growth curve during which microbial growth slows and the rate of multiplication equals the rate of cell death is the
log phase.
lag phase.
telophase.
stationary phase.
death phase.
The Correct Answer is D
A. log phase: The log phase, or exponential phase, is characterized by rapid, logarithmic growth of bacteria. During this period, the rate of cell division exceeds the rate of cell death, resulting in a steep increase in population size. Nutrients are abundant, and waste products have not yet accumulated to inhibitory levels.
B. lag phase: The lag phase is the initial period after bacteria are introduced into a new environment. During this phase, cells are metabolically active but not dividing, as they adapt to the new conditions, synthesize necessary enzymes, and prepare for active growth.
C. telophase: Telophase is a stage of eukaryotic mitosis, not a bacterial growth phase. Bacteria reproduce via binary fission, so this term does not apply to the bacterial growth curve.
D. stationary phase: The stationary phase occurs when nutrient depletion and waste accumulation slow microbial growth. During this phase, the rate of cell division equals the rate of cell death, resulting in a plateau in population size. This phase reflects environmental stress and triggers survival mechanisms in bacteria.
E. death phase: The death phase follows the stationary phase when the rate of cell death exceeds the rate of new cell formation. The bacterial population declines due to exhaustion of nutrients and accumulation of toxic byproducts.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. nucleotide: A nucleotide is the basic structural unit of DNA and RNA, consisting of a sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base. While nucleotides make up the DNA sequence, a group of three bases does not code for a single nucleotide but rather for an amino acid.
B. amino acid: A codon, composed of three consecutive nucleotide bases in DNA or RNA, specifies a single amino acid during protein synthesis. For example, the DNA triplet ATG codes for the amino acid methionine. This triplet code is universal and ensures accurate translation from genetic information to functional proteins.
C. purine: Purines, such as adenine and guanine, are types of nitrogenous bases. They are part of nucleotides, but a triplet of bases does not directly correspond to a single purine; instead, codons dictate amino acids.
D. protein: Proteins are composed of long chains of amino acids. While codons ultimately determine the sequence of amino acids that form a protein, each codon specifies only one amino acid, not an entire protein.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. conjugation: Conjugation is the transfer of genetic material between bacterial cells through direct cell-to-cell contact, usually via a pilus. It requires live donor and recipient cells and is not mediated by DNA from a dead cell.
B. mitosis: Mitosis is the process of eukaryotic cell division, resulting in two genetically identical daughter cells. It does not involve horizontal gene transfer or the uptake of DNA from other cells.
C. transmission: Transmission is a general term for the spread of organisms or genetic material but does not specifically describe the process in which a dead cell’s DNA is incorporated into a living recipient cell.
D. transformation: Transformation is the process by which a competent bacterial cell takes up DNA fragments from a dead or lysed cell in its environment. This exogenous DNA can be incorporated into the recipient’s genome, resulting in a genetically altered cell, a mechanism first described in Streptococcus pneumoniae by Griffith.
E. transduction: Transduction is the transfer of bacterial DNA from one cell to another via bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria). Unlike transformation, it requires a viral vector rather than direct uptake of free DNA from a dead cell.
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