The physician orders escitalopram (Lexapro) 10 mg PO daily for a patient with depression. The availability is oral solution 5mg/5mL. How many mL will the nurse administer? (Please Show All Work on Provided scrap paper, enter numerical value only. Do not enter unit of measurement).

 

A. Obtain a set of vital signs: While monitoring hemodynamics is essential during an allergic reaction, it is not the immediate priority while the allergen is still entering the bloodstream. Delaying the cessation of the infusion to gather data allows more of the provocative agent to reach systemic circulation. Vital signs are the second step after stopping the trigger.

B. Stop the antibiotic infusion: The client is exhibiting classic signs of a Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction, which can rapidly progress to life-threatening anaphylaxis. The most critical intervention is to immediately terminate the exposure to the offending pharmacological agent. This limits further mast cell degranulation and the systemic release of histamine and leukotrienes.

C. Notify the healthcare provider: Communication with the provider is necessary to obtain orders for epinephrine or antihistamines, but it must follow the physical intervention of stopping the drug. The nurse must prioritize patient safety by halting the infusion before leaving the bedside or picking up the phone. Immediate action prevents further physiological deterioration.

D. Initiate oxygen via nasal cannula at 2 LPM: Oxygen therapy addresses the symptom of wheezing but does not stop the underlying immunological cascade caused by the piperacillin. While respiratory support may be required, it is a supportive measure that follows the removal of the primary allergen. Stopping the infusion is the only action that halts the cause of the distress.

A. urinary stasis. Prolonged bed rest prevents complete bladder emptying due to the loss of gravity-assisted voiding in the supine or semi-fowler position. Residual urine serves as a stagnant medium that promotes the rapid proliferation of uropathogenic bacteria like Escherichia coli. This stagnation is a primary precursor for ascending urinary tract infections in immobile patients.

B. abdominal distention. While gaseous or fluid accumulation in the peritoneal cavity may cause discomfort, it does not directly facilitate bacterial colonization of the urothelium. Distention is typically associated with gastrointestinal pathology or obstructive ileus rather than renal or vesical infection. It is an unrelated clinical finding regarding the risk factors for cystitis.

C. a decreased fluid intake. Insufficient oral hydration results in low urinary output and increased concentration of solutes within the bladder. Reduced crystalline and bacterial flushing allows microbes to adhere more effectively to the bladder wall mucosa. Dilute urine and frequent micturition are necessary to mechanically clear pathogens from the urinary system.

D. recent episodes of diarrhea. Fecal incontinence or frequent loose stools increase the likelihood of perineal contamination by enteric gram-negative bacilli. The short female urethra or proximity of the anus to the urinary meatus facilitates the migration of these pathogens. Poor hygiene following diarrheal episodes significantly elevates the risk of urethral inoculation.

E. pressure injury at the right ischial tuberosity. A localized skin breakdown over a bony prominence indicates impaired tissue integrity but is not a direct source for bladder infection. While it reflects poor overall mobility, the wound itself does not provide a physiological pathway for bacteria to enter the urinary tract. It is a separate integumentary complication of prolonged immobility.