The practical nurse (PN) is working in a cancer detection mobile clinic. Four individuals come for screening with a complaint of hoarseness, a danger sign for cancer of the larynx. Which client has the highest risk for development of cancer of the larynx that the PN should refer to the healthcare provider?
An office manager whose mother has laryngeal cancer
A farmer who smokes a half pack of cigarettes daily,
An older male who drinks a six pack of beer nightly and smokes heavily
An opera singer who does not smoke but drinks a glass of wine each day.
The Correct Answer is C
A. An office manager whose mother has laryngeal cancer: Family history can increase risk slightly, but environmental and lifestyle factors, particularly smoking and heavy alcohol use, are stronger contributors to laryngeal cancer.
B. A farmer who smokes a half pack of cigarettes daily: Smoking increases risk, but the level of exposure is relatively low compared with heavy, long-term use combined with alcohol consumption.
C. An older male who drinks a six-pack of beer nightly and smokes heavily: Chronic heavy alcohol use combined with long-term heavy smoking significantly increases the risk of laryngeal cancer. This client exhibits multiple high-risk behaviors and should be prioritized for referral.
D. An opera singer who does not smoke but drinks a glass of wine each day: Moderate alcohol consumption without smoking or other risk factors represents a lower risk for laryngeal cancer compared with heavy alcohol use and smoking.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Place the client in an orthopneic position: Positioning the client is important for optimal lung expansion a nd procedural access, but it is typically done immediately before the procedure. Preparing equipment beforehand ensures the procedure can start efficiently and safely.
B. Cleanse the site and cover with a sterile towel: Skin preparation is a critical step for infection prevention, but it is performed by the healthcare provider or under their guidance just prior to the thoracentesis, not as an initial preparation by the PN.
C. Keep the client NPO and encourage to void: Fasting is not generally required for thoracentesis, and voiding may be encouraged for comfort, but these steps are secondary to ensuring all necessary equipment is ready for a safe procedure.
D. Gather the procedure tray and equipment: Preparing all required equipment and supplies ensures the procedure can be performed promptly and safely once the provider arrives. This is the most important preparatory action the PN can take to facilitate an efficient and safe thoracentesis.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Foam mattress pad: A foam mattress pad provides comfort and reduces pressure, but it does not prevent external rotation of the hips. Its primary function is pressure redistribution rather than alignment support.
B. Draw sheet: A draw sheet is used to assist with repositioning and transferring clients safely. While it aids mobility, it does not maintain proper hip alignment or prevent external rotation.
C. Trapeze bar: A trapeze bar allows the client to assist with repositioning and upper body mobility. It does not stabilize the hips or prevent external rotation.
D. Trochanter rolls: Trochanter rolls are placed along the lateral aspects of the thighs to maintain hip alignment and prevent external rotation. They provide structural support to keep the hips in proper position, particularly in clients who are supine or immobilized.
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