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The resistance stage in the general adaptation syndrome (stress response) is dominated by.

A.

cortisol

B.

aldosterone

C.

epinephrine

D.

angiotensin

E.

norepinephrine

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Cortisol:  Cortisol (a glucocorticoid from the adrenal cortex) dominates the resistance stage of the general adaptation syndrome by sustaining energy supplies (gluconeogenesis), mobilizing fats/proteins, and modulating immune/inflammatory responses during prolonged stress.
B. Aldosterone: Aldosterone (a mineralocorticoid) contributes to long-term fluid and electrolyte adjustments by promoting Na⁺ and water retention, but the principal hormone of the resistance stage is cortisol.
C. Epinephrine: Epinephrine (from the adrenal medulla) mediates the alarm or immediate fight-or-flight response (rapid, short-term effects), not the sustained resistance stage.
D. Angiotensin:  Angiotensin II is part of the RAAS and raises blood pressure/stimulates aldosterone, but it is not the dominant hormone of the resistance stage.
E. Norepinephrine: Norepinephrine is a sympathetic neurotransmitter/mediator of the immediate alarm response; it is not the main hormone in the prolonged resistance phase.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Prolactin: Prolactin is secreted by the anterior pituitary and stimulates milk production (mammary gland alveolar cells). The arrow at A points to the breast, so prolactin is the appropriate hormone.

B. Follicle-stimulating hormone: FSH is an anterior-pituitary gonadotropin that acts on the ovaries/testes to stimulate follicle development and spermatogenesis, not directly on the mammary gland.

C. Oxytocin: Oxytocin (produced in the hypothalamus and released from the posterior pituitary) causes milk ejection (let-down) and uterine contraction, but the diagram’s arrow and context indicate the anterior-pituitary hormone that stimulates milk production (prolactin).

D. Adrenocorticotropic hormone: ACTH (from the anterior pituitary) targets the adrenal cortex to stimulate cortisol production, not the mammary gland.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Produces plasma hormones: blood does not produce hormones; endocrine organs secrete hormones into the blood. This statement is not a function of blood.
B. Transports a variety of nutrients: this is a function of blood (plasma carries nutrients to tissues).
C. Helps to stabilize the pH of extracellular fluids: this is a function; blood buffers (bicarbonate, proteins) help stabilize pH.
D. Helps to regulate body temperature: this is a function; blood redistributes heat and helps maintain temperature.
E. Participates in the initiation of blood clotting: this is a function; platelets and plasma clotting factors in blood participate in clot formation.

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