The term heterotroph refers to an organism that
uses C02, for its carbon source.
must obtain organic compounds for its carbon needs.
gets energy by oxidizing inorganic compounds.
gets energy from sunlight.
does not need a carbon source.
The Correct Answer is B
A. uses CO₂ for its carbon source: Organisms that use carbon dioxide as their carbon source are called autotrophs, not heterotrophs. Autotrophs can synthesize organic compounds from inorganic carbon, whereas heterotrophs rely on preformed organic molecules.
B. must obtain organic compounds for its carbon needs: Heterotrophs cannot fix carbon dioxide into organic compounds, so they rely on consuming organic molecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, or proteins from other organisms. This dependency on external organic carbon distinguishes heterotrophs from autotrophs.
C. gets energy by oxidizing inorganic compounds: Organisms that derive energy from the oxidation of inorganic substances are chemolithotrophs. While some heterotrophs may also utilize chemical energy, the defining feature of a heterotroph is its requirement for organic carbon, not the energy source.
D. gets energy from sunlight: Organisms that capture energy from sunlight are phototrophs. While some phototrophs are autotrophs, heterotrophs rely on organic compounds for carbon and may use chemical energy rather than sunlight.
E. does not need a carbon source: All organisms require a carbon source to build cellular structures and macromolecules. Heterotrophs, in particular, must obtain organic carbon from their environment to survive and grow.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Infectious dose: The infectious dose (ID) refers to the minimum number of microorganisms required to establish an infection in a host. Different pathogens have varying IDs depending on their virulence, host susceptibility, and route of entry. A lower infectious dose indicates higher virulence, while a higher dose may be required for less virulent organisms.
B. Mutation rate: Mutation rate describes how frequently changes occur in the genetic material of an organism. While mutations can affect virulence, antibiotic resistance, or adaptability, mutation rate does not define the number of microbes required to initiate infection.
C. Growth rate: Growth rate refers to how quickly microorganisms replicate under optimal conditions. Although rapid growth can contribute to the severity of an infection, it does not determine the minimum number of organisms necessary to cause disease. The infectious dose specifically quantifies that threshold.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Lead: Lead is a heavy metal that has historical use in paints and plumbing but has limited antimicrobial properties. While toxic to humans and microbes at high concentrations, it is not commonly used as an effective antimicrobial agent in commercial products today due to safety concerns and poor efficacy compared with modern agents.
B. Carbohydrate: Carbohydrates serve primarily as nutrients and energy sources for organisms. They do not possess intrinsic antimicrobial properties and therefore are ineffective in killing microorganisms in commercial products.
C. Bacteriostatic: Bacteriostatic chemicals inhibit the growth and reproduction of microorganisms but do not directly kill them. These agents rely on the host immune system to eliminate the inhibited microbes. While useful, bacteriostatic agents are generally less immediately effective than bactericidal compounds when rapid microbial killing is desired.
D. Bactericidal: Bactericidal chemicals actively kill microorganisms by disrupting essential cellular structures or metabolic processes, such as the cell wall, cell membrane, or protein synthesis. Commercial products containing bactericidal agents, such as bleach, alcohol, and phenolic compounds, are more effective at eliminating microbial populations quickly and reducing the risk of infection.
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