What characteristic differentiates acute inflammation from chronic inflammation?
Acute inflammation results in more collagen production.
Acute inflammation results in more swelling and exudate.
Acute inflammation results in more tissue destruction.
Acute inflammation results in more scar tissue formation.
The Correct Answer is B
Rationale:
A. Collagen production is associated with tissue repair and chronic inflammation, not the initial acute inflammatory response. Acute inflammation primarily involves cellular and vascular changes, rather than significant collagen deposition.
B. Acute inflammation is characterized by rapid onset, short duration, and prominent vascular changes, including vasodilation and increased capillary permeability. These changes lead to redness, warmth, swelling (edema), pain, and exudate formation as plasma proteins and leukocytes move into the injured tissue. Swelling and exudate are hallmark features that differentiate acute from chronic inflammation.
C. Tissue destruction is more associated with chronic inflammation, where persistent injury and immune activity can lead to fibrosis, granuloma formation, and progressive tissue damage. Acute inflammation may involve minimal tissue injury that is typically reversible.
D. Scar tissue formation occurs mainly in chronic inflammation or the later repair phase after tissue damage. Acute inflammation primarily focuses on eliminating the injurious agent and initiating repair, not extensive fibrosis.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Rationale:
A. This describes autoimmune disorders, where the immune system attacks the body’s own tissues. Autoimmunity is not the cause of primary immunodeficiency, although some immune deficiencies can increase the risk of autoimmune disease.
B. Primary immunodeficiency results from genetic defects or congenital abnormalities that lead to loss or dysfunction of one or more components of the immune system, such as B cells, T cells, phagocytes, or complement proteins. Examples include severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), X-linked agammaglobulinemia, and DiGeorge syndrome. These deficiencies predispose individuals to recurrent infections, often starting in infancy or childhood.
C. Hypersensitivity reactions are exaggerated immune responses to antigens, classified as types I–IV, and are not the underlying cause of primary immunodeficiency.
D. An excessive immune response can result in allergies, hypersensitivity, or autoimmunity, but primary immunodeficiency is caused by loss of immune function, not overactivity.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. This describes pathogenesis, which is the development and progression of disease at the cellular and tissue levels. Pathogenesis focuses on how a disease originates and evolves, not on prevention.
B. This describes the subclinical or latent stage of disease, where damage is occurring but the individual shows no observable symptoms. This is not related to prophylactic measures.
C. Prophylaxis refers to actions or interventions taken to prevent disease or reduce the risk of spreading infection. Examples include vaccinations, taking antibiotics before surgery, practicing hand hygiene, or using protective equipment. Prophylactic measures are an essential component of public health and preventive medicine.
D. This describes predisposing factors, which are risk factors that increase susceptibility to a disease but are not preventative measures.
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