What condition results in edema due to increased capillary permeability?
Anaphylactic reaction
Lymph node obstruction
Heart failure
Hyponatremia
The Correct Answer is A
A. Anaphylactic reaction: Anaphylaxis triggers the release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators, which increase capillary permeability. This allows fluid and plasma proteins to move from the intravascular space into the interstitial tissues, resulting in generalized edema, swelling, and potentially life-threatening hypotension.
B. Lymph node obstruction: Lymphatic obstruction leads to lymphedema due to impaired drainage of interstitial fluid. While it causes localized swelling, it is not primarily due to increased capillary permeability but rather mechanical blockage of lymph flow.
C. Heart failure: Edema in heart failure results from elevated hydrostatic pressure in the venous system, causing fluid to leak into the interstitial space. The mechanism is pressure-driven rather than an increase in capillary permeability.
D. Hyponatremia: Hyponatremia causes water to shift into cells due to osmotic imbalance, potentially leading to cellular swelling. It does not directly increase capillary permeability or cause extracellular edema in the same mechanism seen in inflammatory reactions.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Monitor blood glucose levels several times a day:Frequent glucose monitoring is important for managing diabetes but does not directly prevent increased intracranial pressure (ICP) or related complications in older adults. It addresses metabolic control rather than neurologic safety.
B. Take all medications at the same time every day:Consistent medication timing promotes adherence and therapeutic effectiveness, but it does not specifically reduce the risk of falls or activities that could lead to increased ICP.
C. Discontinue blood thinning medications:Stopping anticoagulants without medical guidance can be dangerous and increase the risk of thrombosis. Discontinuation should never be done independently and does not inherently prevent increased ICP.
D. Use an assistive device if experiencing problems with balance:Using canes, walkers, or other mobility aids helps prevent falls and head trauma, which are common triggers for increased intracranial pressure in older adults. Preventing falls directly reduces the risk of intracranial injury and secondary complications.
Correct Answer is ["B","C"]
Explanation
A. Cardiopulmonary arrest:Cardiopulmonary arrest leads to inadequate tissue perfusion and oxygenation, resulting in anaerobic metabolism and lactic acid accumulation. This produces metabolic acidosis rather than alkalosis. The primary disturbance is an increase in hydrogen ion concentration due to impaired circulation.
B. Hypokalemia:Hypokalemia promotes metabolic alkalosis through hydrogen–potassium exchange mechanisms. When potassium levels are low, hydrogen ions shift intracellularly to maintain electroneutrality, reducing serum hydrogen ion concentration. Additionally, renal mechanisms increase bicarbonate reabsorption in the setting of potassium depletion.
C. Nasogastric suctioning:Nasogastric suctioning removes gastric secretions that contain hydrochloric acid. Loss of hydrogen ions leads to a relative increase in serum bicarbonate, resulting in metabolic alkalosis. Prolonged gastric fluid loss significantly alters acid–base balance.
D. Diarrhea:Diarrhea typically causes metabolic acidosis due to excessive loss of bicarbonate-rich intestinal secretions. The resulting decrease in serum bicarbonate lowers blood pH. Therefore, it is more commonly associated with an acidotic state rather than alkalosis.
E. Renal failure:Renal failure often results in metabolic acidosis because the kidneys are unable to excrete hydrogen ions or regenerate bicarbonate effectively. Accumulation of metabolic acids lowers systemic pH, making alkalosis unlikely in this condition.
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