What happens when capillary hydrostatic pressure exceeds colloid osmotic pressure?
Protein concentration increases in the blood plasma.
Fluid and nutrients are filtered out into surrounding tissues.
Fluid is reabsorbed into the capillaries.
Fluid movement halts between compartments.
The Correct Answer is B
A. Protein concentration increases in the blood plasma: Hydrostatic pressure drives the filtration of water and small solutes, leaving large plasma proteins behind. While the relative concentration of proteins may rise slightly as fluid leaves, this is a result of the filtration process. The primary effect is volume movement.
B. Fluid and nutrients are filtered out into surrounding tissues: High hydrostatic pressure at the arterial end of a capillary overcomes the inward pull of oncotic pressure. This net filtration pressure forces water and dissolved nutrients into the interstitial space. This process is essential for delivering oxygen and glucose to cells.
C. Fluid is reabsorbed into the capillaries: Reabsorption occurs when the colloid osmotic pressure, exerted by plasma proteins, is greater than the capillary hydrostatic pressure. This typically happens at the venous end of the capillary bed. It allows metabolic wastes to enter the bloodstream for excretion.
D. Fluid movement halts between compartments: Fluid movement only halts when hydrostatic and osmotic pressures reach an equilibrium point where net filtration is zero. In a functioning circulatory system, these pressures are dynamic to ensure continuous exchange. Constant movement is required for systemic nutrient delivery.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. In the digestive tract: While potassium is ingested through the diet, it is rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream and then sequestered into cells. The lumen of the gut does not serve as a primary storage site. Most potassium is located within the soft tissues.
B. In the intracellular fluid (ICF): Approximately 98% of total body potassium is sequestered within the cells, primarily in skeletal muscle. This high internal concentration is maintained by the active transport of the Na+/K+-ATPase pump. It is essential for maintaining the resting membrane potential.
C. In the extracellular fluid (ECF): Plasma potassium represents only a tiny fraction of the total body store, usually measured between 3.5 and 5.0 mmol/L. Even minor shifts in this ECF concentration can have lethal effects on cardiac rhythm. The ECF is not a reservoir.
D. In the renal filtrate: The kidneys filter potassium, but the vast majority is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule and Loop of Henle. The amount present in the filtrate at any given time is minimal. The renal system manages the narrow margin of potassium excretion.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. By increasing water content in tissues: Dehydration is characterized by a systemic deficit in total body water, leading to cellular and interstitial depletion. Increasing tissue water content would resolve the state rather than act as a prompt for intake. This choice contradicts the physiological reality of volume depletion.
B. Through stimulation of the thirst response: Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus detect increased plasma osmolality and trigger a conscious desire for fluid. This behavioral drive is the primary homeostatic mechanism for restoring water balance. It ensures that the individual seeks external sources to correct the deficit.
C. By producing more urine: Dehydration triggers the release of antidiuretic hormone to conserve water, resulting in concentrated urine and oliguria. Producing more urine would exacerbate the fluid deficit and lead to hemodynamic collapse. The renal system works to minimize further losses during periods of insufficiency.
D. By lowering the body temperature: Dehydration can actually lead to hyperthermia because there is insufficient fluid for evaporative cooling via perspiration. Lowering temperature is not a signaling mechanism for thirst. Thermal regulation and fluid balance are linked, but hypothermia is not a symptom of water loss.
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