What hormone helps maintain fluid balance by excreting sodium and water?
Antidiuretic hormone
Atrial natriuretic peptide
Aldosterone
Adrenalin
The Correct Answer is B
A. Antidiuretic hormone: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) promotes water reabsorption in the kidneys by increasing the permeability of the distal tubules and collecting ducts. It conserves water and increases blood volume, rather than promoting excretion of sodium and water.
B. Atrial natriuretic peptide: Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is released by the atria in response to increased blood volume and pressure. It promotes sodium and water excretion by the kidneys, leading to decreased blood volume and reduced blood pressure, thereby helping maintain fluid balance.
C. Aldosterone: Aldosterone, a mineralocorticoid from the adrenal cortex, promotes sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion in the kidneys. This action conserves sodium and water, increasing blood volume, rather than promoting their excretion.
D. Adrenalin: Adrenaline (epinephrine) is a catecholamine that primarily affects the cardiovascular system by increasing heart rate, contractility, and vasoconstriction. It does not directly regulate sodium or water excretion and does not play a primary role in fluid balance.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Respiratory acidosis:Respiratory acidosis occurs when hypoventilation causes CO2 retention, leading to a decreased pH (acidemia) and elevated PaCO2. In this scenario, the pH is elevated, and PaCO2 is low, which does not align with respiratory acidosis.
B. Metabolic alkalosis:Metabolic alkalosis involves an elevated pH and increased HCO3-. In this case, HCO3- is within normal limits (24 mEq/L), so the primary disturbance is not metabolic.
C. Respiratory alkalosis:Respiratory alkalosis results from hyperventilation, causing excessive CO2 elimination. This decreases PaCO2 (30 mmHg), elevates pH (7.50), and shows normal HCO3-, indicating a primary respiratory origin with no metabolic compensation.
D. Metabolic acidosis:Metabolic acidosis presents with a decreased pH and low HCO3-, often with a compensatory decrease in PaCO2. The elevated pH and normal HCO3- in this case do not support metabolic acidosis.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Loss of water:Hypernatremia commonly results from water loss that exceeds sodium loss, leading to elevated serum sodium concentration. Causes include excessive sweating, diarrhea, fever, or inadequate water intake. The resulting fluid deficit concentrates sodium in the extracellular fluid, producing hypernatremia.
B. Decreased aldosterone:Reduced aldosterone decreases sodium reabsorption in the kidneys, leading to sodium loss rather than accumulation. This condition can contribute to hyponatremia, not hypernatremia, because less sodium is retained in the body.
C. Too much antidiuretic hormone:Excess ADH promotes water reabsorption in the kidneys, diluting serum sodium and leading to hyponatremia. Elevated ADH causes water retention rather than sodium elevation, making hypernatremia unlikely in this scenario.
D. Increased thirst:Increased thirst encourages water intake, which dilutes serum sodium and reduces the risk of hypernatremia. Without an underlying water deficit, enhanced thirst alone does not cause elevated sodium levels.
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