What complication may occur after a person has a myocardial infarction?
Peripheral neuropathy
Infective endocarditis
Rheumatic heart disease
Congestive heart failure
The Correct Answer is D
A. Peripheral neuropathy: Peripheral neuropathy is primarily associated with chronic conditions such as diabetes or vitamin deficiencies. It is not a direct complication of myocardial infarction, as it involves nerve damage rather than cardiac tissue injury.
B. Infective endocarditis: Infective endocarditis is caused by bacterial or fungal infection of the heart valves. It is unrelated to myocardial infarction unless secondary procedures or valve damage occur, making it an uncommon post-MI complication.
C. Rheumatic heart disease: Rheumatic heart disease results from an autoimmune response to untreated streptococcal infections, leading to valvular damage. It develops over years and is not a complication of an acute myocardial infarction.
D. Congestive heart failure: Myocardial infarction can damage cardiac muscle, reducing contractility and cardiac output. This impaired pumping ability increases ventricular pressures and leads to fluid accumulation, causing congestive heart failure. Heart failure is a common and significant post-MI complication.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. To protect the body from injury:Clotting, or hemostasis, is the process by which the body stops bleeding after vascular injury. It involves platelet aggregation, activation of clotting factors, and formation of a fibrin mesh that seals the damaged vessel. This mechanism prevents excessive blood loss, preserves circulatory integrity, and allows tissue repair to occur.
B. To prevent febrile seizures:Febrile seizures are caused by rapid increases in body temperature in young children and are unrelated to the clotting process. Clotting does not influence neurological activity or seizure prevention.
C. To remove damaged cells:The removal of damaged or apoptotic cells is primarily managed by the immune system and phagocytic activity, not by clotting. Hemostasis focuses on sealing injured blood vessels rather than clearing cellular debris.
D. To dissolve scar tissue formation:Clotting contributes to the initial formation of a fibrin matrix that aids healing, but dissolving scar tissue involves tissue remodeling mediated by fibroblasts and enzymes like collagenases. Clotting itself does not dissolve existing scar tissue.
Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"A","dropdown-group-2":"B"}
Explanation
• Severe headache:A severe headache is often the first symptom of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) due to stretching of pain-sensitive structures in the brain. It may be diffuse or localized and is frequently described as the worst headache the person has ever experienced. Early recognition allows prompt assessment and intervention to prevent further neurological compromise.
• Decreased level of consciousness: A subtle decrease in level of consciousness is an early manifestation of elevated ICP. The patient may appear drowsy, less responsive, or difficult to arouse, reflecting compromised cerebral perfusion. Monitoring changes in consciousness is critical, as it provides an early warning of rising ICP before more severe symptoms, such as vomiting or pupil changes, occur.
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