What is the correct order for the stages of a lytic replication cycle, from earliest to latest stages?
Synthesis
Assembly
Attachment
Entry
Release
Correct Answer : A,B,C,D,E
A. Synthesis: After entry, the viral genome directs the host cell machinery to synthesize viral nucleic acids and proteins. This step comes after attachment and entry, not at the beginning.
B. Assembly: Once viral components are synthesized, they are assembled into complete virions. This occurs later in the cycle, just before release.
C. Attachment: The first step is the virus binding to specific receptors on the host cell surface, initiating infection. This allows the virus to target a suitable host cell.
D. Entry: After attachment, the viral nucleic acid or entire virion enters the host cell through mechanisms like endocytosis or membrane fusion. This is the second step.
E. Release: The final stage is when mature virions exit the host cell, often by lysis in bacteriophages or budding in enveloped viruses, enabling them to infect new cells.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Protozoa: Protozoa are single-celled eukaryotic organisms that lack a rigid cell wall, allowing them greater flexibility and movement. Instead, they have a cell membrane that provides structural support.
B. Algae: Algae are photosynthetic organisms that typically have cell walls made of cellulose or other polysaccharides, which provide structure and protection.
C. Fungi: Fungi possess cell walls composed mainly of chitin, which gives them rigidity and structural strength, important for their survival.
D. Bacteria: Most bacteria have cell walls, usually made of peptidoglycan, which helps maintain their shape and protects them from osmotic pressure.
Correct Answer is False
Explanation
False: While many fungal infections in humans are superficial, such as athlete’s foot and ringworm that affect the skin, fungi are not limited to infecting only the skin. Fungi can cause a wide range of infections, from superficial skin infections to systemic diseases affecting the lungs, bloodstream, and internal organs, especially in immunocompromised individuals.
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