What is the definition of active range of motion (ROM)?

A. Range of motion that is performed by a healthcare provider: This describes passive range of motion, where the provider moves the client’s joints without active muscle contraction by the client. It is used when clients are unable to move independently.

B. Range of motion that is performed by the client: Active range of motion involves the client voluntarily moving their joints through the full available range. This type of exercise maintains joint flexibility, promotes circulation, and helps preserve muscle strength.

C. The maximum range of motion of healthy joints: While active ROM may approach normal joint limits, it is defined by voluntary movement, not solely by joint health. Maximum joint capacity is not part of the operational definition.

D. An exercise that increases muscle strength and joint mobility: Active ROM may improve circulation and maintain flexibility but does not necessarily significantly increase muscle strength. Strengthening exercises often require resistance beyond active joint motion alone.

A. Obtain the client's apical heart rate: A radial pulse of 52 beats/minute is below the normal adult range (60–100 bpm), indicating bradycardia. Assessing the apical heart rate provides a more accurate measure of cardiac output and identifies potential discrepancies between central and peripheral pulses. This step is the immediate priority before further interventions.

B. Assess for a pulse deficit: Pulse deficit measurement compares apical and radial pulses to identify ineffective contractions, often in atrial fibrillation. This assessment is secondary and requires the apical pulse first.

C. Notify the healthcare provider: While notification may be necessary depending on findings, the nurse must first verify the heart rate and assess the client’s condition before contacting the provider. Immediate confirmation guides appropriate communication.

D. Review previous vital sign trends: Reviewing trends is useful to determine if bradycardia is new or chronic, but it does not replace the immediate need to accurately assess the current cardiac status. Immediate verification takes priority.