What is the fluid portion of the blood called?
Hemoglobin
Plasma
Lymph
Platelets
The Correct Answer is B
A. Hemoglobin is an iron-containing protein found in red blood cells. Its main role is to bind oxygen in the lungs and deliver it to tissues while carrying carbon dioxide back to the lungs for exhalation. Hemoglobin is a component of erythrocytes, not the fluid portion of blood.
B. Plasma is the straw-colored fluid portion of blood and constitutes approximately 55% of total blood volume. Plasma is about 90% water and contains essential substances such as: proteins (albumin, globulins, fibrinogen), electrolytes (sodium, potassium, calcium), nutrients (glucose, amino acids, fatty acids), hormones, and metabolic waste products (urea, carbon dioxide). Plasma serves multiple vital functions: it acts as a transport medium for blood cells, nutrients, hormones, and waste products; helps maintain blood pressure and volume; plays a key role in coagulation and immunity; and supports the body’s acid-base balance.
C. Lymph is a fluid that circulates within the lymphatic system. It carries immune cells, removes excess interstitial fluid from tissues, and returns it to the bloodstream. While plasma and lymph are similar in composition, lymph is not part of the circulatory blood system and does not constitute the fluid portion of blood.
D. Platelets, or thrombocytes, are small cell fragments responsible for blood clotting. They circulate suspended in plasma but are not the fluid portion themselves. They participate in hemostasis and wound repair.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Menopause is the natural cessation of menstruation in women, typically occurring around age 50. While it involves hormonal changes and can affect bone density, metabolism, and cardiovascular health, it does not impair swallowing or directly affect nutrition intake.
B. Taste threshold refers to the sensitivity of the taste buds to detect flavors. Although aging can alter taste perception, it does not cause difficulty swallowing or lead directly to inadequate nutrition.
C. Fibromyalgia is a chronic disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and tender points. While it can affect quality of life, it does not directly impair swallowing or nutritional intake.
D. Dysphagia is a disorder that affects swallowing, making it difficult or painful to move food or liquid from the mouth to the stomach. It is common among older adults due to age-related changes, neurological disorders (such as stroke or Parkinson’s disease), or structural abnormalities. Dysphagia increases the risk of malnutrition, dehydration, and aspiration pneumonia, making proper diagnosis and management essential for maintaining adequate nutrition.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Listeriosis is a bacterial infection caused by Listeria monocytogenes, typically from contaminated food, and is particularly dangerous during pregnancy. It is unrelated to cravings for nonfood items.
B. Famine refers to a widespread scarcity of food, often due to crop failure or disaster. It is not a medical condition involving cravings.
C. Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-related condition characterized by high blood pressure and protein in the urine, sometimes accompanied by swelling. It does not involve cravings for nonfood substances.
D. Pica is the medical term for a craving and consumption of nonfood substances such as dirt, clay, chalk, ice, or paper. It is often associated with nutritional deficiencies (e.g., iron or zinc deficiency), pregnancy, or certain mental health conditions. Pica can lead to health risks, including gastrointestinal blockages, poisoning, or infections if the nonfood items are contaminated.
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