What is the main nutritional concern associated with a vegan diet?
The difficulty of getting enough calories
The possibility of developing calcium, iron, zinc, and vitamins B12 and D deficiencies
it is a very healthy way of eating, there are no concerns
The possibility of calcium and Vitamin B6 deficiencies
The Correct Answer is B
A. While vegans must plan their meals to meet energy needs, getting enough calories is generally achievable with a variety of plant-based foods, including grains, legumes, nuts, seeds, fruits, and vegetables. Caloric intake is usually not the primary nutritional concern.
B. The main nutritional concern in a vegan diet is the potential for deficiencies in nutrients primarily found in animal products. These include calcium (important for bone health), iron (especially the heme form, which is more readily absorbed), zinc (essential for immune function and growth), vitamin B12 (crucial for nerve function and red blood cell formation), and vitamin D (supports calcium absorption and bone health). Vegans can prevent deficiencies through fortified foods, supplements, and careful meal planning to include plant sources of these nutrients.
C. Although a vegan diet can be very healthy when well-planned, it is not without potential nutritional concerns. Without proper planning, deficiencies can occur, particularly in B12 and minerals.
D. While calcium deficiency is a concern, vitamin B6 is generally abundant in plant foods, so it is not a primary concern for vegans. The bigger issues involve B12, iron, zinc, and vitamin D.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. The small intestine is the primary site of nutrient absorption in the digestive system. After food is mechanically broken down in the mouth and chemically digested in the stomach, it moves into the small intestine, where most nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream or lymph. The inner lining of the small intestine contains finger-like projections called villi, which are covered by even smaller microvilli, forming the brush border. This structure greatly increases the surface area for absorption. Carbohydrates are broken down into simple sugars, proteins into amino acids, and fats into fatty acids and glycerol, all of which are absorbed here. Additionally, vitamins, minerals, and water are also absorbed in the small intestine, making it essential for overall nutrition and energy supply.
B. The gall bladder stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver. Bile is released into the small intestine to emulsify fats and aid in their digestion, but the gall bladder itself does not participate in nutrient absorption.
C. The bile duct is a conduit that transports bile from the liver and gall bladder to the small intestine. While it plays an important role in fat digestion, it does not directly absorb nutrients from food.
D. The oropharynx is part of the throat located behind the mouth, responsible for swallowing and directing food from the mouth to the esophagus. It has no role in nutrient absorption, which occurs further along in the digestive tract.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Hemoglobin is the oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells. Its production depends on iron and vitamins such as B6, B12, and folate, but vitamin C does not directly synthesize hemoglobin. Although vitamin C can enhance iron absorption, it is not a component of hemoglobin formation itself.
B. Albumin is a major plasma protein synthesized in the liver. It helps maintain blood osmotic pressure, transports hormones, fatty acids, and drugs, and contributes to overall fluid balance. Vitamin C is not required for albumin production, so this is not the correct answer.
C. Iodine is an essential trace element used to produce thyroid hormones, not a protein. Vitamin C has no role in iodine metabolism or thyroid hormone synthesis.
D. Collagen is a structural protein found throughout the body in connective tissues such as skin, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, and blood vessel walls. Vitamin C is a critical cofactor in the enzymatic hydroxylation of proline and lysine residues during collagen synthesis, which stabilizes the triple-helix structure of collagen. Adequate vitamin C ensures strong, healthy connective tissues, proper wound healing, and tissue repair. A deficiency in vitamin C leads to scurvy, characterized by weakened connective tissue, bleeding gums, poor wound healing, joint pain, and easy bruising. Collagen synthesis is therefore the primary way vitamin C helps maintain tissue health.
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