What is the primary reason older adults are at an increased risk for adverse medication events?
Enhanced pharmacodynamic responses
Increased volume of distribution
Decline in liver and kidney function
Increased absorption in the GI tract
The Correct Answer is C
A. Enhanced pharmacodynamic responses: Older adults may have altered pharmacodynamic responses, such as increased sensitivity to certain medications, but this alone is not the primary reason for the increased risk of adverse events.
B. Increased volume of distribution: In aging, the volume of distribution for some drugs may change, but these changes are variable and less influential than organ function decline in causing adverse events.
C. Decline in liver and kidney function: Aging commonly leads to decreased hepatic metabolism and renal excretion, which can cause drugs to accumulate in the body. This significantly increases the risk of toxicity and adverse medication events in older adults.
D. Increased absorption in the GI tract: Absorption in the gastrointestinal tract is generally not significantly increased in older adults. Therefore, this factor contributes little to the heightened risk of adverse medication effects.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. 1 mg = 100 mcg: One milligram equals 1,000 micrograms, not 100. Using 100 would underestimate the dose by tenfold, potentially leading to medication errors.
B. 1 mcg = 1,000 mg: One microgram is much smaller than a milligram; 1 mcg equals 0.001 mg. This option greatly overstates the amount, which could result in dangerous dosing errors.
C. 1 mg = 1,000 mcg: One milligram is equal to 1,000 micrograms. This is the correct conversion and is essential for accurate medication calculations, particularly for drugs that require very small doses.
D. 1 mcg = 100 mg: One microgram is far smaller than a milligram; this option reverses the relationship and exaggerates the amount, which is unsafe for clinical dosing.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Upper arm: The upper arm is an acceptable site for subcutaneous injections, but absorption is slower compared with the abdomen due to less vascularized subcutaneous tissue.
B. Thigh: The thigh is commonly used for subcutaneous injections, but absorption is slower than the abdomen. This site is often chosen for convenience rather than rapid onset.
C. Buttocks: The buttocks have thicker subcutaneous tissue and slower blood flow, resulting in slower absorption of insulin compared with other sites.
D. Abdomen: The abdomen provides the fastest absorption for subcutaneous insulin because it has rich vascularization and a consistent layer of subcutaneous fat, making it ideal for rapid onset of action.
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