What is the primary role of the nephron in the kidney?
To transport oxygen in the blood
To filter blood and regulate water and electrolyte balance
To store urine
To produce bile
The Correct Answer is B
A. To transport oxygen in the blood: Oxygen transport is the role of red blood cells, which carry oxygen from the lungs to tissues. Nephrons do not play any part in gas transport but are crucial for filtering and maintaining blood composition.
B. To filter blood and regulate water and electrolyte balance: The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, consisting of the glomerulus and renal tubules. It filters blood to remove waste products, reabsorbs essential ions and water, and secretes substances into urine, thereby maintaining fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base homeostasis.
C. To store urine: While the nephron produces urine, actual storage occurs in the urinary bladder, which collects and holds urine until micturition. The nephron’s role ends at urine formation.
D. To produce bile: Bile is synthesized by the liver to aid in fat digestion and absorption. This function is completely separate from kidney nephron activity, which focuses on filtration and homeostasis.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. To protect the brain: The brain is protected by the skull, which is a part of the axial skeleton. The pelvic girdle is located in the lower body and has no role in cranial protection. Its function is primarily structural and supportive rather than protective of the head.
B. To facilitate breathing: Breathing is supported by the diaphragm and ribcage, which expand and contract to allow air movement. The pelvic girdle does not contribute to respiratory mechanics but serves as a base for muscular attachment.
C. To connect the shoulder to the axial skeleton: The shoulder connects to the axial skeleton via the pectoral (shoulder) girdle, not the pelvic girdle. The pelvic girdle instead connects the lower limbs to the axial skeleton, providing stability for weight-bearing.
D. To support the weight of the upper body: The pelvic girdle bears the weight of the upper body and distributes it to the lower limbs. It also provides attachment points for muscles that aid in posture, locomotion, and movement, while supporting internal organs in the pelvic region.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Type O-negative: Type O-negative blood lacks A, B, and Rh antigens on the red blood cells, making it compatible with all other blood types for transfusions. It is therefore considered the universal donor for red blood cells.
B. Type B-negative: Type B-negative blood contains B antigens and lacks A antigens, so it cannot be safely transfused to individuals with A or AB blood types.
C. Type AB-positive: Type AB-positive blood has both A and B antigens and the Rh factor, meaning it can receive blood from all types (universal recipient) but is not a universal donor.
D. Type A-positive: Type A-positive blood contains A antigens and the Rh factor. It can only be transfused to individuals with compatible A or AB blood types, not universally.
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