What is the primary role of the nephron in the kidney?
To transport oxygen in the blood
To filter blood and regulate water and electrolyte balance
To store urine
To produce bile
The Correct Answer is B
A. To transport oxygen in the blood: Oxygen transport is the role of red blood cells, which carry oxygen from the lungs to tissues. Nephrons do not play any part in gas transport but are crucial for filtering and maintaining blood composition.
B. To filter blood and regulate water and electrolyte balance: The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, consisting of the glomerulus and renal tubules. It filters blood to remove waste products, reabsorbs essential ions and water, and secretes substances into urine, thereby maintaining fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base homeostasis.
C. To store urine: While the nephron produces urine, actual storage occurs in the urinary bladder, which collects and holds urine until micturition. The nephron’s role ends at urine formation.
D. To produce bile: Bile is synthesized by the liver to aid in fat digestion and absorption. This function is completely separate from kidney nephron activity, which focuses on filtration and homeostasis.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Providing structural support: While bones provide structural support for the body, osteoclasts do not contribute to this directly. Their activity actually breaks down bone tissue, which is part of the remodeling process that ultimately maintains bone strength and integrity.
B. Producing red blood cells: Red blood cells are produced in the red bone marrow through hematopoiesis. Osteoclasts indirectly influence this by remodeling bone to maintain marrow cavities, but they do not produce blood cells themselves.
C. Forming new bone: Osteoblasts are responsible for forming new bone by synthesizing and mineralizing the bone matrix. Osteoclasts work in conjunction with osteoblasts, resorbing bone to allow space for new bone deposition and maintaining bone turnover balance.
D. Breaking down bone tissue: Osteoclasts are specialized cells that resorb bone, breaking down the mineralized matrix and releasing calcium and phosphate into the bloodstream. This process is essential for bone remodeling, repair, and maintaining mineral homeostasis in the body.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Through direct neural connections: The hypothalamus communicates with the posterior pituitary via neural connections, not the anterior pituitary, which relies on hormonal signaling.
B. Through the secretion of melatonin: Melatonin is produced by the pineal gland and does not mediate communication between the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary.
C. Through releasing and inhibiting hormones via the hypophyseal portal system: The hypothalamus secretes specific releasing and inhibiting hormones into the hypophyseal portal blood vessels, which carry them directly to the anterior pituitary to regulate hormone production and release.
D. Through the secretion of insulin: Insulin is secreted by the pancreas and does not play a role in hypothalamic communication with the anterior pituitary.
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