What is the total volume of water typically lost by an adult each day?
300 mL
2200 mL
2500 mL
1800 mL
The Correct Answer is C
A. 300 mL: This value roughly corresponds to the amount of water lost daily through metabolic processes or expiration alone. It is far below the total daily output required to eliminate nitrogenous wastes via the kidneys. Such low output would indicate severe oliguria.
B. 2200 mL: While 2200 mL is close to the average intake, the total daily loss usually reaches a higher threshold when factoring in insensible losses. It underestimates the combined volume of urine, sweat, feces, and respiratory evaporation. 2500 mL is the standard physiological estimate.
C. 2500 mL: An average adult loses approximately 1500 mL through urine, 600 mL via skin and lungs, and 400 mL through other secretions. This total must be balanced by oral intake and metabolic water production. It represents the standard daily turnover for euvolemic homeostasis.
D. 1800 mL: This volume is often cited as a minimum requirement for fluid intake but does not account for the full spectrum of physiological output. An output of only 1800 mL would not balance the typical 2500 mL intake. It fails to include all insensible loss pathways.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
False: Arterial blood gases (ABGs) provide definitive data on pH, PCO2, and bicarbonate levels, while serum electrolytes help calculate the anion gap. Together, these tests allow clinicians to differentiate between respiratory and metabolic origins of a disorder. They are the cornerstone of clinical acid-base assessment.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Carbonic acid remains constant regardless of breathing: Respiratory rate directly dictates the partial pressure of carbon dioxide, which exists in a dynamic equilibrium with carbonic acid. Alterations in minute ventilation immediately shift the concentration of this weak acid. It is the most volatile component of the buffer system.
B. Carbonic acid increases with hypoventilation, lowering pH: Reduced alveolar ventilation causes the retention of carbon dioxide, driving the hydration reaction to produce more carbonic acid. This acid subsequently dissociates into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions. The resulting elevation in free protons leads to a state of respiratory acidosis.
C. Carbonic acid decreases with hypoventilation, lowering pH: Hypoventilation results in an accumulation of acid, not a decrease. A decrease in carbonic acid would occur during hyperventilation as carbon dioxide is "blown off" via the lungs. Lowering pH is functionally associated with an increase in acidic components.
D. Hyperventilation increases carbonic acid, raising pH: Increased respiratory effort removes carbon dioxide from the blood, which shifts the equilibrium to consume carbonic acid. This process reduces the concentration of hydrogen ions and raises the pH. This physiological state is characterized as respiratory alkalosis.
Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.
Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today
Report Wrong Answer on the Current Question
Do you disagree with the answer? If yes, what is your expected answer? Explain.
Kindly be descriptive with the issue you are facing.