What manifestation is expected when a client has a fungal infection in the mouth?
White, cheesy, curd-like patches on the buccal mucosa
Small, painful round ulcers on the oral mucosa
Clear vesicles with a red base that evolve into pustules
Chalky white, thick raised patch on the side of the tongue
The Correct Answer is A
A. White, cheesy, curd-like patches on the buccal mucosa are characteristic of oral candidiasis (thrush), a common fungal infection of the mouth caused by Candida albicans. These patches can often be wiped off, leaving a red, raw, or bleeding surface underneath. This is the classic presentation, making this the correct answer.
B. Small, painful round ulcers on the oral mucosa describe aphthous ulcers (canker sores), which are not fungal infections. They are usually idiopathic or associated with stress, trauma, or immune factors, so this option is incorrect.
C. Clear vesicles with a red base that evolve into pustules are more consistent with herpetic lesions caused by the herpes simplex virus. They are viral, not fungal, in origin, making this incorrect.
D. Chalky white, thick raised patches on the tongue may suggest leukoplakia, which is a precancerous lesion often linked to smoking or chronic irritation. Leukoplakia is not caused by fungal infection, so this option is incorrect.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Reports of mucus buildup are subjective because they rely on the client’s personal perception and self-report. Subjective data are symptoms, not directly measurable by the nurse.
B. Tympanic membrane translucent is an objective finding because it can be observed and measured during otoscopic examination. Objective data are measurable or visible signs that the nurse can directly assess. The translucency of the tympanic membrane indicates a healthy ear without infection or fluid buildup.
C. Pain and tenderness behind the ear are primarily subjective, as pain is reported by the client. While tenderness can be assessed by palpation, the pain component is still experienced by the client, making it partially subjective.
D. Coughing and sneezing may be observable, but they are not specific to the ear and are typically considered related to upper respiratory symptoms, not direct objective data from an ear assessment.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Deep palpation using circular motion is inappropriate for lymph node assessment because lymph nodes are superficial structures. Deep palpation may miss small nodes or cause discomfort and is generally reserved for assessing deeper organs, such as the liver or kidneys.
B. Tapping using gentle strokes with four fingers describes percussion, which is used to assess structures like the lungs or abdomen, not lymph nodes. Percussion does not provide information about size, consistency, mobility, or tenderness of lymph nodes.
C. Lightly pinching with first two fingers is not a standard technique and may be too rough or inaccurate to assess lymph nodes. Pinching could compress surrounding tissues and fail to detect small or tender nodes.
D. Using gentle circular motions with the pads of the fingers is the correct technique. The nurse should use the pads of the index and middle fingers to gently palpate each group of lymph nodes in a systematic sequence, assessing for size, consistency, tenderness, and mobility. This technique ensures that nodes are not missed and patient discomfort is minimized.
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