What significant milestone did Mary Mahoney achieve in the field of nursing?
She founded the first nursing school for African American women.
She became the first African American president of the American Nurses Association.
She was the first black woman to serve in the Army Nurse Corps.
She was the first black nurse to graduate from a formal nursing program.
The Correct Answer is D
Rationale:
A. She founded the first nursing school for African American women is incorrect because Mary Mahoney did not establish a nursing school; her contributions were in clinical practice and professional advocacy, not in founding educational institutions.
B. She became the first African American president of the American Nurses Association is incorrect because Mahoney was not the ANA president. However, she was active in professional organizations and advocated for diversity and equality within nursing.
C. She was the first black woman to serve in the Army Nurse Corps is incorrect because Mahoney’s career was primarily in civilian nursing and advocacy, not military service.
D. She was the first black nurse to graduate from a formal nursing program is correct because Mary Eliza Mahoney, in 1879, became the first African American to complete professional nursing education in the United States. Her graduation marked a significant milestone for racial integration and diversity in nursing, and she later worked to promote opportunities for African American nurses and advocate for equal treatment within the profession.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. End the interview to allow the client to reschedule is incorrect because prematurely ending the interview may prevent the nurse from gathering important information and can convey disinterest or a lack of support. Active listening requires engagement and responsiveness to the client’s cues.
B. Continue asking questions to complete the interview as quickly as possible is incorrect because rushing the interview ignores the client’s nonverbal cues and may lead to incomplete or inaccurate information. Active listening emphasizes attention to both verbal and nonverbal communication.
C. Ask the client, "I noticed you seem distracted. Is there something on your mind?" is correct because it demonstrates active listening and empathetic engagement. By acknowledging the client’s nonverbal cues, the nurse creates an opportunity for the client to express concerns, clarify distractions, and feel understood, which fosters trust and improves communication.
D. Ignore the behavior and continue with the interview is incorrect because ignoring nonverbal cues can lead to missed information and signals to the client that their feelings or discomfort are unimportant. Effective active listening involves observing and responding to both verbal and nonverbal behaviors.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Justice is correct because this ethical principle emphasizes fairness, equity, and impartiality in the distribution of resources. In organ transplantation, justice ensures that organs are allocated according to ethical criteria, such as urgency of need, compatibility, and likelihood of successful outcome, rather than personal wealth, social status, or favoritism. This principle underpins organ allocation policies and waiting list protocols, promoting ethical and transparent decision-making.
B. Autonomy is incorrect because it relates to the patient’s right to make informed decisions about their own care, such as choosing to donate an organ or accepting a transplant. While autonomy protects individual choice, it does not guide the equitable distribution of limited organs. For example, a patient’s autonomous decision to receive a transplant does not address how organs are fairly allocated among all candidates.
C. Beneficence is incorrect because it emphasizes actions intended to benefit others and promote well-being. In transplantation, beneficence would focus on maximizing positive outcomes for individual patients, such as performing surgery safely and optimizing post-transplant care. However, beneficence alone does not address fairness across multiple patients competing for the same scarce resource.
D. Nonmaleficence is incorrect because it requires avoiding harm to patients. In organ transplantation, this principle ensures that procedures, medications, and donor-recipient matching minimize potential harm. Although nonmaleficence is critical in clinical decision-making, it does not govern the fair allocation of organs; a process could minimize harm yet still be inequitable if organs are not distributed according to consistent, ethical criteria.
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