What socioeconomic factor is associated with an increased incidence of dementia?
High education level
Social isolation
Urban living
Increased income
The Correct Answer is B
A. High education level: Higher education is generally considered protective against dementia because it contributes to cognitive reserve. Individuals with more education tend to have better-developed neural networks that can compensate for neurodegenerative changes.
B. Social isolation: Social isolation is a recognized socioeconomic risk factor for dementia. Limited social engagement can reduce cognitive stimulation, increase stress, and contribute to depression, all of which are associated with accelerated cognitive decline and higher dementia incidence.
C. Urban living: Urban versus rural living does not have a direct, consistent link to dementia incidence. While environmental factors in urban areas may influence health, social and cognitive factors are more strongly associated with dementia risk.
D. Increased income: Higher income is often associated with better access to healthcare, nutrition, and education, which can reduce dementia risk. Lower socioeconomic status, rather than increased income, is linked with higher incidence of cognitive decline.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Respiratory acidosis:The ABG shows a low pH (acidemia) with an elevated PaCO2, indicating that CO2 retention is causing the acidic state. The bicarbonate is slightly elevated, suggesting early renal compensation. This pattern is characteristic of respiratory acidosis, often caused by hypoventilation or impaired gas exchange.
B. Metabolic alkalosis:Metabolic alkalosis is characterized by elevated pH and elevated HCO3. In this ABG, the pH is low, and HCO3 is only mildly elevated, so this does not fit metabolic alkalosis.
C. Respiratory alkalosis:Respiratory alkalosis presents with a high pH and low PaCO2 due to excessive CO2 exhalation, such as with hyperventilation. The ABG values here show the opposite pattern.
D. Metabolic acidosis:Metabolic acidosis involves low pH with low HCO3, often due to acid accumulation or bicarbonate loss. In this ABG, HCO3 is normal to slightly elevated, making metabolic acidosis unlikely.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Hallucinogenic drugs usually cause relaxed and calm behavior:Hallucinogens typically alter perception, mood, and cognition, causing hallucinations, agitation, anxiety, or paranoia rather than relaxation. They are not associated with predictable calm behavior, so this does not reflect a common complication of substance abuse.
B. Infection is uncommon among drug users who share needles:Sharing needles is a major risk factor for bloodborne infections, including HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. Infection is actually very common in this population.
C. Withdrawal symptoms include hypotension, diarrhea, and jaundice:Withdrawal symptoms vary depending on the substance. Hypotension and diarrhea can occur with some drug withdrawals, such as opioids, but jaundice is not a typical withdrawal symptom; it usually reflects liver disease or hepatotoxicity, not cessation of the drug.
D. Overdose may occur since street drugs may be contaminated:Contamination or unknown potency of street drugs increases the risk of accidental overdose, which can lead to respiratory depression, cardiac arrest, or death. This is a common and serious complication of substance abuse, particularly with opioids, stimulants, or mixed substances.
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