What condition may cause hypervolemia?
Renal failure
Extensive burns
Anaphylaxis
Diarrhea
The Correct Answer is A
A. Renal failure: Renal failure impairs the kidneys’ ability to excrete sodium and water, leading to fluid retention and expansion of intravascular and interstitial volume. This accumulation of fluid can result in hypervolemia, manifesting as edema, pulmonary congestion, and elevated blood pressure.
B. Extensive burns: Extensive burns primarily cause fluid loss due to increased capillary permeability and plasma leakage into interstitial spaces. This typically results in hypovolemia rather than hypervolemia, especially during the initial acute phase of burn injury.
C. Anaphylaxis: Anaphylaxis leads to widespread vasodilation and increased capillary permeability, which causes fluid to shift from the intravascular to interstitial space. This produces relative hypovolemia and hypotension, not fluid overload.
D. Diarrhea: Diarrhea results in loss of water and electrolytes from the gastrointestinal tract, leading to hypovolemia. It does not cause hypervolemia, as the body is losing fluid rather than retaining it.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Forgetting to drink enough fluids:Older adults often have a diminished sense of thirst and may forget to drink adequate fluids, placing them at higher risk for dehydration. Cognitive changes, medications, or functional limitations can further reduce fluid intake, making dehydration a common age-related concern.
B. Increased surface area to volume ratio:Aging typically results in a decreased surface area to volume ratio due to loss of lean body mass and changes in body composition. This does not directly predispose to dehydration; in fact, it can reduce insensible fluid loss slightly.
C. Increased subcutaneous fat:Aging is often associated with redistribution of body fat, but increased subcutaneous fat does not significantly influence hydration status. Fat tissue contains less water than lean tissue, but its presence alone is not a primary risk factor for dehydration.
D. Loss of the sweat mechanism:While sweat production may decrease with age, this generally reduces fluid loss rather than increasing dehydration risk. Impaired thermoregulation may pose other risks, but inadequate fluid intake is a more direct age-related contributor to dehydration.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Decreased urine output:When the body experiences fluid deficit, compensatory mechanisms such as activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and antidiuretic hormone release reduce renal excretion to conserve water. This leads to oliguria, which is an early and common manifestation of dehydration as the kidneys attempt to maintain circulating volume.
B. Bradycardia:Fluid deficit typically triggers sympathetic nervous system activation, which increases heart rate (tachycardia) to maintain perfusion. Bradycardia is not expected; it may indicate another pathology rather than compensation for fluid loss.
C. Poor skin turgor:Poor skin turgor is a late sign of fluid loss and reflects chronic or severe dehydration rather than the immediate compensatory response. Early compensation primarily affects cardiovascular and renal function.
D. High blood pressure:Fluid deficit usually results in hypotension due to decreased circulating volume. Blood pressure often falls as dehydration progresses, prompting compensatory mechanisms like vasoconstriction, but hypertension is not a typical compensatory manifestation.
Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.
Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today
Report Wrong Answer on the Current Question
Do you disagree with the answer? If yes, what is your expected answer? Explain.
Kindly be descriptive with the issue you are facing.