What term describes the harmful effects experienced due to an excessively high blood concentration of a drug?
Interaction
Toxicity
Potentiation
Resistance
The Correct Answer is B
A. Interaction: Drug interactions occur when one medication alters the effect of another, either increasing or decreasing its therapeutic or adverse effects. Interactions do not necessarily indicate dangerously high drug levels.
B. Toxicity: Toxicity refers to harmful effects caused by excessive drug levels in the blood or tissues, which can damage organs or systems. It may result from overdose, impaired metabolism, or accumulation due to renal or hepatic dysfunction. Recognizing early signs is essential to prevent serious complications.
C. Potentiation: Potentiation occurs when one drug enhances the effect of another, often at normal therapeutic doses. While it can increase effect, it is not the same as toxicity caused by excessive blood concentration.
D. Resistance: Resistance refers to a reduced response to a drug, typically seen with repeated exposure, such as with antibiotics. It does not involve harmful effects from elevated drug levels.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Flush the IV catheter with saline to check patency: Flushing the catheter in the presence of swelling, pallor, and discomfort risks worsening infiltration or extravasation. Patency should not be tested when signs of tissue injury are present.
B. Notify the provider without stopping the infusion: Continuing the infusion can cause further tissue damage or complications. Immediate action to stop the infusion is required before contacting the provider.
C. Stop the infusion immediately and report to the physician: Swelling, pallor, and pain indicate infiltration or extravasation. The first priority is to stop the infusion to prevent further tissue injury, followed by assessment, documentation, and notification of the provider.
D. Increase the rate of infusion: Increasing the infusion rate would exacerbate tissue damage and is contraindicated in the presence of infiltration or extravasation.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Pull the skin laterally with the non-injecting hand and maintain this position until the needle is withdrawn slowly, and release the skin slowly: The Z-track technique displaces subcutaneous tissue to create a zigzag path, preventing medication from leaking into subcutaneous tissue. Maintaining lateral tension during injection and slow withdrawal ensures proper deposition and minimizes tissue irritation.
B. Pull the skin taut with the forefinger and thumb of the non-dominant hand before needle insertion: Pulling the skin taut is not part of the Z-track method and does not create the necessary tissue displacement. This technique is more appropriate for standard intramuscular injections without irritant medications.
C. Release the displaced skin quickly before removing the needle to minimize skin trauma: Releasing the skin before needle withdrawal would allow medication to track back into subcutaneous tissue, increasing irritation and tissue staining. Maintaining tension until withdrawal is critical.
D. Massage the injection site vigorously after needle withdrawal to disperse the medication and reduce pain: Massaging an irritant IM injection site can worsen tissue damage, cause staining, and increase discomfort. The Z-track technique is designed to prevent the need for post-injection massage.
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