When caring for a client who is at risk for increased intracranial pressure (ICP), which intervention should the nurse implement to assist in stabilizing ICР?
Suction oral cavity frequently to maintain a patient airway.
Keep client's head in a midline position with head raised 30°.
Extend neck with a soft collar placed at base of client's skull.
Turn entire body from side to side at least every 2 hours.
The Correct Answer is B
Rationale:
A. Suction oral cavity frequently to maintain a patent airway: Frequent suctioning increases intrathoracic pressure and can transiently elevate intracranial pressure due to stimulation of the vagus nerve and coughing. Suctioning should be performed only when necessary.
B. Keep client’s head in a midline position with head raised 30°: Maintaining the head midline and elevating it to about 30 degrees promotes optimal venous drainage from the brain and prevents obstruction of jugular venous outflow. This position effectively stabilizes or lowers intracranial pressure while maintaining cerebral perfusion.
C. Extend neck with a soft collar placed at base of client’s skull: Neck extension can impede venous return from the brain, leading to increased intracranial pressure. Proper alignment, rather than extension or flexion, is critical to allow unobstructed cerebral venous drainage.
D. Turn entire body from side to side at least every 2 hours: Repositioning is important for preventing pressure injuries, but abrupt or improper turning can cause surges in intracranial pressure. Movements should be slow and coordinated, with careful head and neck alignment.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Replace the drainage collection system: Replacing the entire drainage system takes time and does not immediately restore the water seal needed to prevent air from entering the pleural cavity. The priority is to reestablish a temporary underwater seal to prevent pneumothorax.
B. Clamp the tube near the insertion site: Clamping the chest tube when it is disconnected from the drainage system can trap air in the pleural space, leading to a tension pneumothorax. Clamping should only be done momentarily and under specific provider directions.
C. Place the tubing end into sterile water: Submerging the chest tube in sterile water creates an immediate water seal, allowing air to escape from the pleural space while preventing air entry. This action stabilizes intrathoracic pressure until the system can be reconnected or replaced.
D. Secure end of the tube with an occlusive dressing: Applying an occlusive dressing to the open chest tube prevents air from escaping, potentially causing a rapid buildup of intrathoracic pressure and a tension pneumothorax. This should never be done in this situation.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Heart rate of 40 beats/minute: A sudden drop in heart rate following initial tachycardia in a trauma client with hypotension may indicate neurogenic shock or worsening spinal cord injury. This bradycardia reflects loss of sympathetic tone and signifies cardiovascular collapse, making it a critical, life-threatening deterioration.
B. Glasgow coma score of 15: A GCS of 15 represents full neurological alertness and orientation. This finding indicates improvement or stability, not deterioration, in a trauma client’s neurological status.
C. Oxygen saturation 90 percent: While this indicates mild hypoxemia requiring intervention, it is not as severe or immediately life-threatening as the transition from tachycardia to bradycardia in the setting of shock. Oxygen supplementation can typically correct this decline.
D. Respiration 34 breaths/minute: An increase in respiratory rate signals distress or pain but still maintains ventilatory effort. Though concerning, it does not reflect a critical deterioration compared to severe bradycardia with hypotension, which threatens perfusion and cardiac output.
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