When caring for their infant, a parent asks you, “Is Emily in a lot of pain? How would you know since she can’t really tell you?” The best answer to this question is:
“Infants don’t feel pain as we do because their pain receptors are not fully developed yet.”
“The nurses give pain medication before she really feels the pain.”
“We assess her pain using an infant pain assessment tool and give the medicine as needed.”
“Although we try to give her medicine before she feels pain, we watch her very closely and use different techniques to help relieve the pain.”
The Correct Answer is D
Infants do feel pain, and their nervous systems are capable of transmitting pain signals from birth. Because they cannot verbalize their discomfort, healthcare providers use standardized infant pain assessment tools (such as the FLACC scale or Neonatal Infant Pain Scale) to interpret behavioral and physiological cues.
Rationale for correct answer:
D. “Although we try to give her medicine before she feels pain, we watch her very closely and use different techniques to help relieve the pain.” This is correct because pain prevention (preemptive analgesia) is a best practice, but infants still require ongoing monitoring. Combining medication with nonpharmacologic comfort measures (swaddling, skin-to-skin, gentle rocking) improves pain control and emotional security.
Rationale for incorrect answers:
A. “Infants don’t feel pain as we do because their pain receptors are not fully developed yet.” Infants’ pain receptors and pathways are functional at birth. In fact, preterm and newborn infants may have increased pain sensitivity because inhibitory pain pathways are immature.
B. “The nurses give pain medication before she really feels the pain.” While preemptive analgesia is ideal for predictable procedures, not all pain can be prevented, and ongoing assessment is still required.
C. “We assess her pain using an infant pain assessment tool and give the medicine as needed.” While true, it does not highlight the proactive approach of giving pain relief before pain escalates and using multiple comfort techniques.
Take home points
- Infants do feel pain, and untreated pain can have lasting developmental effects.
- Use validated infant pain assessment tools to guide treatment.
- Combine pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic measures for optimal comfort.
- Ongoing monitoring is crucial, even when preemptive pain control is in place.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Preemptive analgesia is the administration of pain medication before the onset of pain, especially before surgery or procedures, to minimize pain intensity afterward. It aims to reduce central sensitization, improve comfort, and possibly shorten recovery time. However, it does not guarantee the patient will “feel nothing”, some discomfort may still occur, though it is usually less intense.
Rationale for correct answer:
B. “This medication will control Nathan’s pain so he doesn’t feel anything.” While preemptive analgesia can significantly reduce pain, it may not eliminate it completely. Pain perception varies, and additional postoperative pain management is often required.
Rationale for incorrect answers:
A. “I understand that preemptive analgesia is giving Nathan pain medication before he has pain and could be given before surgery.” This reflects the definition and timing of preemptive analgesia.
C. “Giving this medicine early may help prevent complications after surgery.” Effective early pain control can reduce complications such as shallow breathing, immobility, or delayed healing caused by uncontrolled pain.
D. “By controlling Nathan’s pain, he will be more comfortable and may be able to go home sooner.” Improved comfort can facilitate earlier mobilization and discharge.
Take home points
- Preemptive analgesia is given before pain starts, often before surgery.
- It aims to reduce pain severity and improve recovery outcomes.
- It does not guarantee complete absence of pain.
- Combining preemptive analgesia with ongoing multimodal pain management yields the best results.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
The Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale is a self-report tool that uses facial expressions paired with numerical ratings to help children describe their pain intensity. It is most reliable in school-age children and adolescents.
Rationale for correct answer:
3. A 14-year-old child has the cognitive ability to self-report pain using a scale. The Wong-Baker Faces Scale is simple, widely recognized, and effective for adolescents.
Rationale for incorrect answers:
1. An infant cannot self-report pain. Behavioral and physiologic assessment tools like FLACC or CRIES are more appropriate.
2. While some 3-year-olds can use the scale, many may not yet have the cognitive maturity to understand and accurately use it. The scale is more reliable in slightly older children.
4. A preverbal child with cognitive impairment cannot self-report; observational tools like FLACC or the Non-Communicating Children’s Pain Checklist are better suited.
Take home points
- Wong-Baker Faces Scale is a self-report pain tool, best for children who can understand symbolic representation.
- Infants and nonverbal children require behavioral/physiologic scales.
- Choose pain tools based on age, developmental stage, and communication ability.
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